雅思写作任务二中,解释原因类题目要求考生分析某一现象或问题的成因，这类题目看似简单，但要拿高分，必须展现清晰的逻辑、充分的论证和地道的语言表达，本文将拆解高分范文的核心技巧，帮助考生掌握这类题型的写作方法。
题型识别与破题逻辑
通常包含以下关键词：
- Why...?（为什么……？）
- What are the reasons...?（……的原因是什么？）
- What factors lead to...?（哪些因素导致……？）
"Many young people today prefer to rent rather than buy a house. Why is this the case?"
破题步骤：
- 明确现象：年轻人租房多于买房
- 锁定分析维度：经济压力、生活方式、社会观念等
- 排除无关因素：如环保意识（与租房选择关联较弱）
高分结构模板
引言段（Introduction）
- 背景句：用数据或普遍现象引入话题
- 改写题目：避免直接复制题干
- 提纲句：预告下文分析的2-3个主要原因
范例：
Housing affordability has become a global concern, with under-35s increasingly opting for rental accommodation. This trend stems primarily from financial constraints, shifting lifestyle priorities, and evolving perceptions of property ownership.
主体段（Body Paragraphs）
每个段落遵循 PEEL结构：
- Point（观点）：明确本段讨论的原因
- Explanation（解释）：展开逻辑链条
- Example（例证）：用具体案例支撑
- Link（衔接）：回扣主题
段落示范（经济因素）：
The foremost barrier to homeownership is economic. Skyrocketing property prices in urban areas far outpace salary growth; for instance, London house prices rose 72% between 2010-2022 while wages increased only 23%. Simultaneously, stringent mortgage requirements force first-time buyers to save for years to meet deposit thresholds. Consequently, renting remains the only viable option for many young adults.
结论段（Conclusion）
- 重申核心原因：用不同句式复述
- 避免新信息：不引入未讨论的内容
- 适度延伸：可简要提及影响（非必须）
范例结尾：
Ultimately, the rental preference among youth reflects deeper socioeconomic shifts. Unless policymakers address housing affordability and employment conditions, this trend is likely to persist.
易错点与提升策略
原因分析表面化
低分表达：
"People rent because houses are expensive."
改进方案：
- 使用 因果链分析：
"Soaring property prices → require larger deposits → banks impose strict loan-to-income ratios → young professionals cannot qualify for mortgages."
例证缺乏说服力
无效例证：
"Some people think renting is better."
高分替代：
- 引用 权威数据：
"A 2023 OECD report shows 58% of German millennials rent, citing job mobility as the key factor." - 使用 对比论证：
"Whereas 70% of Britons owned homes in 2000, this dropped to 63% by 2022, reflecting generational disparities."
语言重复问题
重复表达：
"The reason is... Another reason is..."
多样化方案：
- 原因引导词替换：
"This phenomenon is driven by...", "A contributing factor is...", "Fundamentally, ..." - 结果表达替换：
"Consequently...", "As a result...", "This inevitably leads to..."
真题实战应用
*
"Many students experience stress and anxiety in school. What are the causes?"*
高分提纲：
-
Academic pressure
- High-stakes testing culture (e.g. PISA rankings driving curriculum)
- Grade inflation raising competition
-
Social dynamics
- Cyberbullying via social media (Instagram comparison studies)
- Extracurricular overload ("resume padding" phenomenon)
-
Biological factors
- Sleep deprivation (NIH research on teen circadian rhythms)
- Nutritional deficiencies impacting brain function
词汇升级建议
| 基础词汇 | 学术替代 |
|---|---|
| Big | Substantial / Significant |
| Bad | Detrimental / Adverse |
| Many | A considerable proportion of |
| Because | Owing to / Attributable to |
- 基础句： "Many students feel bad because of exams."
- 升级版： "Standardized testing imposes substantial psychological burdens, with 62% of adolescents reporting detrimental stress levels during exam periods (UNESCO, 2021)."
写作的本质是思维的外化,当考生能系统拆解社会现象的成因，并用严谨的学术语言呈现时，分数自然水到渠成。
