雅思写作Task 1中，数据变化趋势的描述是核心考察点之一，无论是线图、柱状图还是表格，准确表达数据的上升、下降、波动或稳定状态，直接影响分数高低，本文将系统讲解如何高效描述趋势变化，并提供实用句型与词汇，帮助考生在考试中精准表达。
上升趋势的多样化表达
数据增长并非只能用“increase”概括，根据幅度不同，可选用不同词汇增强表达精确性：
-
小幅上升
- The figure experienced a moderate rise from 30% to 35%.
- There was a gradual climb in sales between 2010 and 2015.
-
显著增长
- Online purchases surged by 40% within two years.
- The number of international students soared to 250,000 by 2020.
-
急剧飙升
- Coal prices rocketed after the policy adjustment.
- A dramatic upswing occurred in renewable energy investment.
高级技巧：结合时间状语突出变化速度，如“within 6 months”“over a decade”，并注意区分及物动词（raise, boost）与不及物动词（rise, grow）的用法差异。
下降趋势的精准描述
避免重复使用“decrease”，通过以下方式提升词汇多样性：
-
平缓下降
- Newspaper readership declined steadily from 45% to 32%.
- A slight dip was observed in physical store revenues.
-
大幅降低
- Traditional TV viewership plummeted by 60% post-2018.
- The unemployment rate slumped during the economic crisis.
-
暴跌
- Oil demand crashed during the pandemic lockdowns.
- Share prices nosedived after the scandal曝光.
数据对比建议：使用“compared to”“in contrast to”连接不同趋势，“While car sales dropped sharply, bicycle purchases saw an opposite trend.”
波动与稳定状态的表达
-
波动描述
- The exchange rate fluctuated between $1.2 and $1.5.
- A volatile period preceded the market stabilization.
-
平稳趋势
- Immigration levels remained stable at around 10,000 annually.
- The curve plateaued for three consecutive quarters.
避免误区：勿将“remain constant”与“reach a peak”混淆，后者需明确最高点数值，如“peaked at 75% in 2020”。
趋势组合与转折表达
复杂图表常包含多重趋势,需使用逻辑连接词：
- 转折：“However, the growth stalled after 2018.”
- 递进：“Subsequently, the figures rebounded to 90%.”
- 因果关系：“This decline was directly linked to policy changes.”
高分句型示例：
“After a sharp increase to 60% in 2015, the percentage fluctuated marginally before stabilizing at 55% in the final year.”
数据描述中的易错点
- 时态混淆：过去数据用一般过去时，预测趋势用将来时或“be projected to”。
- 单位遗漏：务必包含百分比（%）、数量单位（thousands）或货币符号（$）。
- 过度概括：避免“all”“always”等绝对化表述，改用“the majority”“tended to”。
实战案例解析
为例：
“The graph below shows changes in transportation modes in London from 2000 to 2020.”
范文节选：
“Bus usage rose gradually from 20% to 35% over the first decade, then plateaued. In contrast, underground rail passengers surged by 25% between 2010 and 2020, overtaking buses as the most popular option. Private car use, meanwhile, halved from 40% to 20% following congestion charge implementation.”
必备词汇工具箱
| 趋势类型 | 动词 | 名词 | 形容词 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 上升 | surge, soar | an upsurge | upward |
| 下降 | plunge, slump | a downturn | downward |
| 波动 | oscillate | volatility | erratic |
| 稳定 | stabilize | stability | steady |
在雅思小作文中,机械套用模板难以突破6分，真正的高分答案在于：准确捕捉数据特征，用恰当的词汇与逻辑结构呈现信息，同时保持语法多样性，多分析官方范文的句式结构，针对性地积累专业表达，才能在考试中游刃有余。
