雅思写作考试中,影响类(Impact/Effect)题目是常见题型之一,要求考生分析某一现象、政策或趋势带来的正面或负面影响,这类题目考察考生的逻辑分析能力、论证深度以及语言表达的准确性,想要在雅思大作文中取得高分,必须掌握影响类题目的写作技巧。
影响类题目常见提问方式
雅思大作文影响类题目通常有以下几种提问方式:
- Discuss the positive and negative effects of...
(讨论……的积极和消极影响) - Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
(利大于弊吗?) - What are the impacts of... on individuals/society?
(……对个人/社会的影响是什么?) - To what extent do you agree that... has more benefits than drawbacks?
(你在多大程度上同意……的利大于弊?)
这些提问方式的核心都是要求考生分析某一现象的影响,并给出合理的论证。
影响类文章的结构安排
一篇优秀的影响类雅思大作文通常采用四段式结构:
引言(Introduction)
- 背景介绍:简要说明题目涉及的现象或趋势。
- 明确立场:如果是讨论利弊的题目,可以表明自己的倾向(利大于弊或弊大于利)。
示例:
"The increasing use of social media has transformed the way people communicate. While some argue that it enhances social connections, others believe it leads to isolation. This essay will examine both the positive and negative impacts of social media on interpersonal relationships."
主体段1(Positive Effects)
- 提出第一个积极影响,并用具体例子或数据支持。
- 可以进一步解释该影响如何发挥作用。
示例:
"One significant benefit of social media is its ability to connect people across long distances. For instance, individuals can maintain relationships with family and friends overseas through platforms like Facebook or WhatsApp, which would otherwise be difficult due to geographical barriers."
主体段2(Negative Effects)
- 提出消极影响,同样用具体例子或数据支持。
- 可以对比积极影响,增强论证的平衡性。
示例:
"However, excessive reliance on social media may weaken face-to-face interactions. Studies show that many young people prefer online communication, leading to reduced social skills and increased feelings of loneliness in real-life settings."
Conclusion)
- 总结主要观点,重申立场(如果题目要求)。
- 可以提出建议或展望未来趋势。
示例:
"While social media facilitates global communication, its overuse can harm real-world relationships. Therefore, individuals should strike a balance between online and offline interactions to maximize its benefits."
高分论证技巧
使用具体例子和数据
雅思写作评分标准强调“Task Achievement”,即论证的充分性,使用具体例子或数据能增强说服力。
示例:
"The rise of remote work has improved employees' work-life balance. A 2022 survey by Gallup revealed that 60% of remote workers reported higher job satisfaction due to flexible schedules."
对比论证
在讨论影响时,可以采用对比手法,使论证更全面。
示例:
"While online education provides accessibility for students in remote areas, traditional classrooms offer better opportunities for direct teacher-student interaction."
因果分析
深入分析影响产生的原因,展示逻辑思维能力。
示例:
"The popularity of fast fashion has led to environmental degradation because cheap clothing encourages excessive consumption and rapid disposal, resulting in massive textile waste."
常见话题及思路拓展
科技影响
- Positive: 提高效率、促进全球化交流、便利生活(如移动支付)。
- Negative: 隐私泄露、社交孤立、失业风险(如AI取代人力)。
全球化影响
- Positive: 文化交流、经济增长、国际合作。
- Negative: 本土文化流失、经济不平等加剧。
环境政策影响
- Positive: 减少污染、促进可持续发展。
- Negative: 企业成本增加、短期经济放缓。
避免常见错误
- 偏颇论证:只讨论一方影响而忽略另一方,导致论证不全面。
- 泛泛而谈:缺乏具体例子,使文章显得空洞。
- 逻辑混乱:影响之间缺乏清晰过渡,影响可读性。
个人观点
是雅思写作的核心题型之一,掌握其写作方法能有效提升分数,关键在于平衡论证、使用具体例子,并保持逻辑清晰,通过反复练习和积累素材,考生可以在考试中游刃有余地应对这类题目。