线型图（Line Graph）是雅思写作Task 1的常见题型之一，要求考生在20分钟内完成一篇至少150词的报告，许多考生在描述数据趋势时容易陷入机械罗列数据的误区，导致得分不高，本文将通过一篇高分范文，详细解析如何高效描述线型图，并提升逻辑连贯性与语言多样性。
线型图写作核心要点
- 明确趋势与对比：线型图的核心是展示数据随时间或其他变量的变化趋势，因此需重点描述上升、下降、波动或稳定等关键特征，并适当对比不同数据线。
- 分段清晰：建议分为四段——引言段（改写题目）、概述段（总结主要趋势）、细节段1和细节段2（分述具体数据）。
- 数据选择与简化：无需描述所有数据，优先选择起点、终点、峰值、谷值以及交叉点等关键信息。
高分范文示例
The graph below shows the consumption of three types of fast food in the UK from 1970 to 1990. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
范文：
The line graph illustrates the changes in the popularity of hamburgers, fish and chips, and pizza as fast food choices among British consumers over two decades, from 1970 to 1990. Units are measured in grams per person per week.
Overall, while fish and chips remained the most consumed fast food throughout the period, hamburgers experienced a significant surge in popularity. In contrast, pizza consumption showed minimal growth and consistently ranked the lowest.
In 1970, fish and chips were the dominant choice, with an average intake of 300 grams per person weekly. Despite a gradual decline, this figure still stood at 220 grams by 1990, retaining its top position. Hamburgers, however, displayed a striking upward trend. Starting at just 50 grams, consumption quadrupled to 200 grams by the end of the period, nearly catching up with fish and chips.
Pizza consumption followed a different pattern. Although it began at 20 grams—slightly higher than hamburgers—its growth was marginal, reaching only 40 grams in 1990. Notably, hamburgers overtook pizza in the mid-1980s, reflecting a shift in dietary preferences.
范文解析
引言段：精准改写题目
- 原文：shows the consumption of three types of fast food
- 改写：illustrates the changes in the popularity of...
避免直接照抄题目，通过同义替换（如“shows”改为“illustrates”）和补充细节（如“measured in grams”）体现语言灵活性。
概述段：提炼核心趋势
- 用while连接对比信息，突出fish and chips的“dominance”与hamburgers的“surge”。
- 避免笼统表述，如“there were many changes”，直接点明最高、最低及变化最显著的数据线。
细节段：逻辑分层描述
- 段落1：聚焦两条主要数据线（fish and chips与hamburgers），用“dominant”“striking”等形容词强化趋势特征。
- 段落2：单独分析pizza，通过“marginally”“notably”等副词体现数据差异，并点明关键交叉点（hamburgers超越pizza的时间）。
数据表达多样性
- 上升趋势：surged, quadrupled, displayed an upward trend
- 下降趋势：gradual decline, dropped steadily
- 稳定趋势：remained stable, consistently ranked
常见错误与改进建议
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机械罗列数据：
- 错误写法：In 1970, fish and chips were 300g. In 1980, they were 250g.
- 改进：Fish and chips consumption, despite a steady decline from 300g to 250g between 1970 and 1980, maintained its leading position.
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忽略对比：
- 错误写法：Hamburgers increased. Pizza also increased.
- 改进：While both hamburgers and pizza saw growth, the former’s rise was far more dramatic (200g vs 40g by 1990).
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时态混乱：
描述过去数据用一般过去时（e.g., consumption rose）；预测未来趋势用将来时或情态动词（e.g., is projected to decline）。
提升策略
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熟记趋势词汇：
- 急剧变化：rocketed, plummeted
- 平缓变化：inched up, dipped slightly
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灵活使用从句：
- 非限制性定语从句：Hamburgers, which started at 50g, surpassed pizza by 1985.
- 时间状语从句：As fish and chips declined, hamburgers gained traction.
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模拟练习：
选取历年真题（如剑桥雅思16 Test 3的线型图），限时完成写作后对比高分范文，分析差距。
线型图写作的高分关键在于“选择性描述”与“逻辑对比”，通过精准抓取关键数据、多样化表达趋势，并合理分段，考生完全可以在Task 1中斩获7分以上，多分析官方范文的框架与用词,远比机械背诵模板更有效。
