雅思写作Task 1（小作文）要求考生在20分钟内完成150字以上的图表描述，常见题型包括线图、柱状图、饼图、表格、流程图和地图，许多考生认为小作文比大作文更容易提分，但若缺乏清晰的写作框架和精准的表达，同样难以获得高分，以下是一篇高分范文及详细解析，帮助考生掌握核心技巧。
高分范文（线图分析）
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The graph below shows the number of visitors to a museum in London between 1980 and 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
范文：
The line graph illustrates changes in the annual visitor numbers to a London museum over a 30-year period, from 1980 to 2010. Overall, the museum experienced significant fluctuations in attendance, with a notable decline in the early 1990s followed by a steady recovery.
In 1980, the museum attracted approximately 400,000 visitors. Over the next five years, attendance rose steadily, peaking at around 550,000 in 1985. However, from 1985 onwards, visitor numbers began to decline sharply, reaching a low of 300,000 in 1995. This downward trend may have been influenced by economic recession or reduced public interest during this period.
After 1995, the museum’s popularity gradually recovered. By 2000, annual visitors had increased to 450,000, surpassing the 1980 figure. The upward trend continued, with numbers stabilising at roughly 500,000 between 2005 and 2010. This resurgence could be attributed to improved exhibits, marketing campaigns, or government funding.
Notably, the most dramatic changes occurred between 1985 and 1995, while the latter half of the period showed more stability. Despite fluctuations, the museum ended the period with higher attendance than at the start.
（Word count: 180）
写作技巧解析
结构清晰
高分小作文需包含四部分：
- 引言（Introduction）：改写题目，说明图表类型、时间范围及核心内容。 Overview）**：用2-3句总结整体趋势，不涉及具体数据。
- 细节段（Details）：分两段描述关键数据变化，按时间或类别分组。
- 衔接（Linking）：合理使用比较句式（如“while”“in contrast”）。
数据选取
- 避免罗列所有数据,优先描述：
- 起点、终点、峰值、低谷
- 显著变化（如“sharp increase”）
- 交叉点或超越点（如“surpassing 1980 levels”）
语言精准
- 动词：rise steadily, plummet, stabilise
- 副词：gradually, sharply, marginally
- 趋势短语：reach a peak, hit a low, rebound
避免常见错误
- 时态错误：过去数据用一般过去时（如“increased”），预测用将来时。
- 主观猜测：不写“I think”，用客观推测（如“This may be due to…”）。
- 单位遗漏：始终标注单位（thousands, percentage）。
不同图表的高分句式
柱状图/表格
- “The highest proportion of… was observed in A (45%), whereas B accounted for the lowest (10%).”
- “A overtook B in 2005, becoming the dominant category.”
流程图
- “The process begins with…, followed by…, and culminates in…”
- “Once X is completed, it is transferred to…”
地图对比
- “The northern area was transformed from farmland into a residential zone.”
- “The road infrastructure was expanded, connecting X to Y.”
个人观点
雅思小作文的核心在于“精准”而非“创意”，考官希望看到考生能否用简洁的语言呈现数据规律，建议平时练习时：
- 限时完成（18分钟写作+2分钟检查）；
- 积累10种以上趋势表达；
- 分析5篇官方范文,模仿其逻辑分层，只要掌握数据筛选和句式变化，7分并非难事。
