雅思写作考试中,利弊类题目（Advantages and Disadvantages）是常见题型之一，这类题目要求考生客观分析某一现象或趋势的积极和消极影响，并给出个人见解，本文将通过一篇高分范文解析利弊类文章的写作技巧，帮助考生掌握清晰的结构、合理的论证以及地道的表达方式。
示例与审题
*
Some people believe that the increasing use of computers and mobile phones for communication has negative effects on young people’s reading and writing skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?*
审题要点：
- 明确讨论对象：电子设备对读写能力的影响。
- 需分析利弊,而非单纯同意或反对。
- 重点讨论“年轻人”这一群体。
高分范文
The Impact of Digital Communication on Literacy Skills
The widespread adoption of computers and smartphones has revolutionised communication, particularly among young people. While these technologies offer convenience and efficiency, concerns have been raised about their potential harm to literacy skills. This essay will examine both the benefits and drawbacks of digital communication before concluding that its impact depends largely on how individuals use these tools.
Advantages of Digital Communication
One significant advantage is the accessibility of information. Young people today can instantly access vast amounts of written content online, from news articles to academic papers. Platforms like e-books and educational apps encourage reading in interactive formats, which may engage reluctant readers more effectively than traditional methods.
Additionally, digital tools have transformed writing practices. Messaging apps and social media require users to compose texts frequently, albeit often in informal styles. Some argue this constant writing practice enhances basic composition skills, even if the language used differs from formal writing standards. Tools like spell-checkers and grammar assistants also help users identify and correct errors in real time.
Disadvantages of Over-Reliance on Technology
However, critics rightly point out several negative consequences. The brevity of text messages and social media posts promotes truncated language, emojis, and abbreviations, which may erode proficiency in formal writing. Studies show that students who predominantly communicate digitally struggle with structuring extended essays or employing varied vocabulary in academic contexts.
Another concern is the decline of deep reading. The fast-paced nature of online content encourages skimming rather than sustained focus, potentially diminishing comprehension and critical analysis abilities. Neuroscientific research suggests that excessive screen time alters brain circuits associated with concentration, which could indirectly impair reading stamina.
Balanced Perspective
The key issue lies not in the technology itself but in its application. When used mindfully, digital devices can supplement traditional literacy development—for instance, through language-learning apps or online writing communities. Conversely, unchecked usage may reinforce poor habits. Educators and parents play a crucial role in guiding young people to strike this balance.
写作技巧分析
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结构清晰
- 引言段明确议题并提出辩证观点。
- 主体段落分设“利”与“弊”，每段聚焦一个核心论点。
- 结论强调“适度使用”而非绝对化判断。
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论证方法
- 举例：提及“e-books”“spell-checkers”等具体工具增强说服力。
- 数据支持：引用“neuroscientific research”提升可信度。
- 对比：将“informal writing”与“formal standards”对照。
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语言亮点
- 学术词汇：revolutionised, proficiency, diminish, supplement
- 衔接词：albeit, conversely, potentially
- 复杂句：
While these technologies offer convenience…
Studies show that students who…
常见误区与改进
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偏颇论证
- 错误：只强调弊端，忽略技术带来的读写机会。
- 改进：承认双面性，如范文第三段肯定非正式写作的练习价值。
-
泛泛而谈
- 错误：Technology is bad for young people.
- 改进：具体说明哪些行为（如过度使用缩写）导致何种问题。
-
结论仓促
- 错误：重复论点而无新见解。
- 改进：提出解决方案，如范文建议“educators and parents”的引导作用。
个人观点
数字化沟通已成不可逆的趋势,与其简单批判，不如思考如何扬长避短，学校教育可增设“数字素养”课程，教授学生区分社交用语与学术写作；开发者也能设计更多促进深度阅读的应用，技术的价值取决于使用者的选择与社会的引导。
