英语四级考试中,近义词辨析是词汇部分的重点和难点，掌握近义词不仅能提升答题准确率，还能增强写作表达的丰富性，新东方多年教学经验总结出高频近义词组，帮助考生高效备考。
常见动词近义词
affect vs. influence
- affect 强调直接产生影响，常指客观作用。
The bad weather affected our travel plans. - influence 侧重间接、长期的感化或改变。
His teacher influenced his career choice.
achieve vs. accomplish
- achieve 指通过努力达成目标，强调结果。
She achieved high scores in the exam. - accomplish 强调完成具体任务或使命。
The team accomplished the project on time.
ignore vs. neglect
- ignore 指故意忽视或无视。
He ignored her advice and failed. - neglect 强调因疏忽而未做应做的事。
She neglected her health during busy work.
形容词近义词
accurate vs. precise
- accurate 指与事实一致，正确无误。
The news report was accurate. - precise 强调细节上的精确。
The scientist made precise measurements.
famous vs. renowned
- famous 通用词，指广为人知。
This city is famous for its history. - renowned 更正式，含褒义，指声誉极高。
He is a renowned expert in physics.
tired vs. exhausted
- tired 普通用词，指一般疲劳。
I felt tired after walking. - exhausted 程度更深，指精疲力竭。
She was exhausted after the marathon.
名词近义词
problem vs. issue
- problem 指需要解决的困难或麻烦。
Pollution is a serious problem. - issue 多指争议性或待讨论的话题。
The meeting discussed economic issues.
job vs. career
- job 指具体的工作或职业。
He found a part-time job. - career 强调长期的职业发展。
She plans a career in medicine.
custom vs. habit
- custom 指社会或文化的习俗。
It’s a local custom to celebrate this festival. - habit 指个人的习惯行为。
Smoking is a bad habit.
副词近义词
very vs. extremely
- very 普通程度副词，使用广泛。
The movie was very interesting. - extremely 程度更强，接近极限。
The test was extremely difficult.
finally vs. eventually
- finally 强调经过等待后的结果。
He finally arrived at 10 PM. - eventually 侧重最终的自然发展。
After years of effort, she eventually succeeded.
易混淆词组
rise vs. raise
- rise (vi.) 指自行上升。
The sun rises in the east. - raise (vt.) 指外力使某物上升。
He raised his hand to ask a question.
lie vs. lay
- lie (vi.) 意为“躺”，过去式为lay。
She lies on the sofa every afternoon. - lay (vt.) 意为“放置”，过去式为laid。
He laid the book on the table.
实用记忆技巧
- 语境对比法：通过例句体会差异，如 affect 多接具体对象，influence 常接人或观念。
- 词根词缀法：如 precise（pre-“预先” + cise“切”）强调细节切割的精确。
- 分类归纳法：将易混词按词性分组，如动词组、形容词组等。
四级词汇的深度掌握需要反复练习,建议结合新东方《四级词汇乱序版》和真题例句，强化近义词的实战应用，在写作和翻译中主动替换使用，能显著提升语言质量。
英语学习没有捷径,但正确的方法能让效率翻倍，将这些近义词融入日常积累，考试时便能游刃有余。
