雅思写作Task 1中的地图题一直是考生备考的重点之一,尤其在2020年的考试中,地图题的出现频率有所增加,这类题目要求考生描述某个地点在不同时间的变化或比较两幅地图的差异,想要在雅思写作中取得高分,必须掌握地图题的写作技巧和逻辑结构,本文将详细解析2020年雅思地图题的常见类型、写作框架及高分表达,帮助考生提升写作水平。
地图题的常见类型
雅思地图题主要分为两种:静态地图对比和动态地图变化。
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静态地图对比 提供两幅不同地点或同一地点不同规划方案的地图,要求考生比较它们的异同,2020年的一道真题展示了一个小镇的两种交通规划方案,考生需要分析两种方案的优缺点。
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动态地图变化 提供同一地点在不同时间(如过去和现在)的地图,要求考生描述其变化,某海滨城市在1980年和2020年的布局对比,考生需重点描述新增或消失的建筑、道路等。
无论是哪种类型,考生都需要清晰描述地图中的关键信息,避免遗漏重要细节。
高分写作框架
雅思地图题的写作结构通常分为四段:引言、概述、细节描述、结尾。
引言(Introduction)
用1-2句话改写题目,说明地图展示的内容。
The maps illustrate the changes in a coastal town between 1980 and 2020.
概述(Overview)
概括地图的主要变化或差异,无需细节,只需提炼核心趋势。
Overall, the town underwent significant expansion, with new residential areas, a commercial zone, and improved transport infrastructure.
细节描述(Detailed Description)
分两段具体描述变化或对比,注意逻辑顺序:
- 空间顺序:从左到右、从北到南、从中心到外围等。
- 时间顺序:按时间线描述变化,如“In 1980…, but by 2020…”
- 分类描述:按建筑、交通、绿化等类别分别说明。
In 1980, the town had a small fishing port and a few houses near the coast. By 2020, the port was replaced by a marina, and the residential area expanded inland. Additionally, a new shopping center was constructed in the northern part of the town.
Optional)
地图题通常不需要总结,但如果时间允许,可以用一句话收尾,避免重复。
高分表达与词汇
描述变化的动词
- 新增:constructed, built, established, added
- 移除:removed, demolished, replaced
- 扩大:expanded, extended, enlarged
- 缩小:reduced, shrunk
方位表达
- 位置:in the north/south, to the left/right, adjacent to
- 距离:nearby, close to, a short distance from
数据与程度
- 显著变化:significantly, dramatically, considerably
- 轻微变化:slightly, marginally
2020年真题分析与范文
真题示例 The maps below show a village before and after the construction of a hydroelectric power dam. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
范文解析
Introduction:
The maps depict a rural village before and after the development of a hydroelectric dam.
Overview:
Overall, the construction of the dam led to major changes, including the flooding of farmland, relocation of the village, and the addition of new infrastructure.
Details:
Before the dam was built, the village was situated near a river, surrounded by agricultural land and forests. After the construction, the river widened into a reservoir, submerging the original farmland. The village was relocated to higher ground, and new roads were built to connect it to the dam. Additionally, a power plant and transmission lines were established in the area.
常见错误与改进建议
- 遗漏关键信息:考生容易忽略地图中的细节,如道路走向、建筑位置变化,建议先标注地图上的所有要素,再逐一描述。
- 逻辑混乱:描述时缺乏空间顺序,导致文章杂乱,建议固定一种描述顺序(如从左到右)。
- 词汇单一:重复使用相同动词(如built),应灵活替换,展现词汇多样性。
个人观点
雅思地图题看似复杂,但只要掌握正确的写作框架和词汇,就能轻松应对,建议考生平时多练习真题,培养快速提取关键信息的能力,并在写作中保持逻辑清晰,通过系统训练,即使是难度较高的地图题,也能成为提分的关键。