英语培训网

如何高效撰写雅思图表描述作文?

雅思写作Task 1要求考生在20分钟内完成一篇至少150词的图表描述作文,这类题目通常涉及数据图表(如柱状图、线形图、饼图)、表格、流程图或地图,许多考生认为描述图表比议论文简单,但实际上,要拿高分需要掌握精准的数据分析、逻辑表达和多样化的词汇句型,本文将系统讲解如何高效撰写雅思图表作文,帮助考生提升得分。

如何高效撰写雅思图表描述作文?-图1

图表作文的核心评分标准

雅思官方评分标准从四个方面衡量Task 1作文:

  1. 任务完成度(Task Achievement)

    • 准确概括图表核心信息,避免遗漏关键数据
    • 不添加个人观点或推测(如“数据上升是因为经济好转”)
    • 合理分段,确保逻辑清晰
  2. 连贯与衔接(Coherence and Cohesion)

    • 使用恰当的连接词(如However, In contrast, Similarly)
    • 段落间过渡自然,避免机械罗列数据
  3. 词汇丰富度(Lexical Resource)

    • 避免重复用词(如“increase”可替换为rise, grow, surge)
    • 正确使用专业表达(如fluctuate, plateau, overtake)
  4. 语法多样性(Grammatical Range and Accuracy)

    如何高效撰写雅思图表描述作文?-图2

    • 混合使用简单句与复杂句
    • 正确使用时态(过去数据用过去时,预测用将来时)

四步法高效写作

第一步:审题与结构规划(3分钟)

快速判断图表类型及时间范围:

  • 动态图(含时间变化):重点描述趋势(如“1990-2020年某国能源消耗量持续增长”)
  • 静态图(无时间变化):侧重比较(如“A地区人口占比是B地区的两倍”)

标准四段式结构:

  1. 引言段:改写题目,说明图表内容(1-2句) 段**:总结核心特征(如最高值、最显著趋势,2-3句)
  2. 细节段1:描述主要数据(4-5句)
  3. 细节段2:补充次要信息(3-4句)

第二步:引言段写作技巧

用同义替换改写:

  • 原题:The chart below shows the percentage of households owning different electronic devices in a European country from 1995 to 2015.
  • 改写:The bar chart illustrates changes in the ownership rates of five electronic appliances among European households over two decades (1995-2015).

常用表达:

  • The graph compares...
  • The diagram outlines the process of...
  • The table provides data on...

第三步:概述段关键策略

提炼2-3个最突出的特征,避免细节:

如何高效撰写雅思图表描述作文?-图3

  • 动态图示例
    Overall, ownership of all devices increased significantly, with smartphones showing the most dramatic rise. Refrigerators remained the most widely owned item throughout the period.
  • 静态图示例
    In general, urban areas accounted for over 70% of total consumption, while rural regions used less than half this amount.

第四步:细节段数据筛选

按逻辑分组描述,避免杂乱:

  1. 动态图常用逻辑
    • 按变化幅度(从最大到最小)
    • 按时间阶段(如“前五年快速增长,后期趋于平稳”)
  2. 静态图常用逻辑
    • 按数值高低排序
    • 按类别对比(如“男性数据普遍高于女性”)

例句

  • From 1995 to 2005, computer ownership surged from 15% to 48%, surpassing televisions by the end of the period.
  • In contrast, microwave ovens grew moderately, reaching only 35% in 2015.

高分词汇与句型

趋势描述词汇

上升趋势 下降趋势 波动趋势 稳定趋势
surge plummet fluctuate stabilize
soar decline vary remain steady
rocket dip experience ups and downs level off

数据比较表达

  • 倍数关系
    The figure for A was twice as high as that of B.
    A consumed three times more X than B.
  • 占比表达
    Accounting for 40%, smartphones became the dominant category.
    Only a small fraction (5%) chose this option.

复杂句型应用

  • 定语从句
    The period which saw the fastest growth was between 2000 and 2010.
  • 分词结构
    Starting at 10% in 1995, the rate climbed steadily to 45% by 2015.
  • 被动语态
    Coal was gradually replaced by natural gas in the energy mix.

常见错误与修正

  1. 时态错误

    • 错误:The graph shows that sales will increase next year.(图表无预测数据)
    • 正确:The graph shows that sales increased in the past decade.
  2. 数据误读

    • 错误:All categories showed an upward trend.(忽略持平或下降的数据)
    • 正确:Most categories grew, except for typewriters which disappeared after 2005.
  3. 过度描述

    如何高效撰写雅思图表描述作文?-图4

    • 错误:逐条列出每年数据
    • 正确:概括阶段特征(如“The first half of the period saw minimal change, followed by a sharp rise after 2010.”)

不同类型图表特例

流程图(Process Diagram)

  • 使用顺序连接词:First, Next, Subsequently, Finally
  • 强调被动语态:The raw materials are transported to the factory where they are processed into...

地图(Map)

  • 方向描述:To the north of the park, a new residential area was constructed.
  • 变化对比:The farmland in 2000 was converted into a shopping mall by 2020.

雅思图表作文的高分关键在于精准的数据选择、清晰的逻辑呈现和地道的语言表达,通过系统练习模板句型和多样化词汇,考生完全可以在短期内显著提升成绩,考官最看重的是信息归纳能力而非华丽辞藻,用最简洁的语言传递最准确的信息才是制胜之道。

分享:
扫描分享到社交APP
上一篇
下一篇