英语单词是语言学习的基础,掌握常用词汇能有效提升听说读写能力,初中阶段需要积累大量基础词汇,其中以字母H开头的单词在教材和考试中频繁出现,本文系统整理初中阶段H开头的核心词汇,帮助学习者高效记忆并正确运用。
高频基础词汇
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happy /ˈhæpi/
形容词,意为“快乐的”。- 例句:She feels happy when she plays with her friends.
常见搭配:happy birthday(生日快乐),happy family(幸福家庭)。
- 例句:She feels happy when she plays with her friends.
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house /haʊs/
名词,指“房屋”。- 例句:They live in a big house near the park.
相关词汇:home(家),homework(家庭作业)。
- 例句:They live in a big house near the park.
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help /help/
动词或名词,表示“帮助”。- 例句:Can you help me carry this box?
固定搭配:help with(帮忙做某事),helpful(有帮助的)。
- 例句:Can you help me carry this box?
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have /hæv/
动词,意为“拥有”或用于构成完成时。- 例句:I have a new bicycle.
重要用法:have to(必须),have fun(玩得开心)。
- 例句:I have a new bicycle.
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hour /ˈaʊər/
名词,指“小时”。- 例句:It takes me half an hour to walk to school.
注意:发音中“h”不发音,与“our”同音。
- 例句:It takes me half an hour to walk to school.
学科相关词汇
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history /ˈhɪstəri/
名词,意为“历史”。- 例句:We learn Chinese history every Monday.
扩展词汇:historical(历史的),historian(历史学家)。
- 例句:We learn Chinese history every Monday.
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homework /ˈhəʊmwɜːk/
不可数名词,指“家庭作业”。- 例句:Finish your homework before dinner.
易错点:不能说“a homework”,需用“a piece of homework”。
- 例句:Finish your homework before dinner.
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human /ˈhjuːmən/
名词或形容词,表示“人类”或“人的”。- 例句:Human beings need clean air and water.
相关词:humanity(人性),humane(人道的)。
- 例句:Human beings need clean air and water.
动词与动作类词汇
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hear /hɪər/
动词,意为“听见”。- 例句:I can hear the birds singing outside.
区分:listen(主动听),hear(自然听到)。
- 例句:I can hear the birds singing outside.
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hold /həʊld/
动词,表示“握住”或“举行”。- 例句:Hold my hand when we cross the street.
短语:hold on(稍等),hold a meeting(开会)。
- 例句:Hold my hand when we cross the street.
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hunt /hʌnt/
动词,指“打猎”或“搜寻”。- 例句:Lions hunt at night.
现代用法:job hunting(找工作)。
- 例句:Lions hunt at night.
形容词与描述性词汇
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heavy /ˈhevi/
形容词,意为“重的”。- 例句:This box is too heavy for me to lift.
反义词:light(轻的)。
- 例句:This box is too heavy for me to lift.
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honest /ˈɒnɪst/
形容词,表示“诚实的”。- 例句:An honest person always tells the truth.
名词形式:honesty(诚实)。
- 例句:An honest person always tells the truth.
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hungry /ˈhʌŋɡri/
形容词,指“饥饿的”。- 例句:I’m hungry after playing basketball.
关联词:thirsty(口渴的)。
- 例句:I’m hungry after playing basketball.
自然与科学词汇
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hill /hɪl/
名词,指“小山”。- 例句:There is a small hill behind our school.
对比:mountain(高山)。
- 例句:There is a small hill behind our school.
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heat /hiːt/
名词或动词,表示“热量”或“加热”。- 例句:The heat in summer is unbearable.
科学术语:heat energy(热能)。
- 例句:The heat in summer is unbearable.
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honey /ˈhʌni/
名词,指“蜂蜜”。- 例句:Bees make honey from flowers.
习语:as sweet as honey(甜如蜜)。
- 例句:Bees make honey from flowers.
易混淆词汇辨析
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hard /hɑːd/
形容词或副词,表示“坚硬的”或“努力地”。- 例句:This rock is very hard.(形容词)
- 例句:She works hard every day.(副词)
对比:hardly(几乎不)。
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hope /həʊp/ 与 wish
两者均表示“希望”,但用法不同:- hope + 从句(可实现愿望):I hope you will come.
- wish + 虚拟语气(难以实现):I wish I could fly.
文化相关词汇
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holiday /ˈhɒlədeɪ/
名词,指“假期”或“节日”。- 例句:We will go to the beach during the holiday.
英美差异:英国常用holiday,美国常用vacation。
- 例句:We will go to the beach during the holiday.
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hobby /ˈhɒbi/
名词,意为“业余爱好”。- 例句:My hobby is collecting stamps.
常见爱好:reading, swimming, painting。
- 例句:My hobby is collecting stamps.
记忆技巧
- 分类记忆法:将H开头单词按主题分类(如动词、名词、形容词)。
- 联想记忆:通过图像或故事联想单词含义(如“house”想象自家房屋)。
- 词根词缀法:掌握常见词根如“hydr-”(水)可扩展记忆hydrant(消防栓)。
英语学习需要持续积累,建议每日背诵5-10个单词并结合例句使用,H开头的单词中有许多基础核心词汇,牢固掌握能为后续学习打下坚实基础。