英语学习的基础在于词汇积累,掌握常用单词及其用法是提升语言能力的关键，初中阶段需要重点记忆的单词涉及日常生活、学习场景和基础交流，以下分类整理高频词汇，帮助学习者系统掌握。
基础交际用语
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Hello / Hi
- 用法：问候语，适用于非正式场合。
- 例句：Hi, how are you today?
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Goodbye / Bye
- 用法：告别用语，Bye更口语化。
- 例句：Goodbye, see you tomorrow!
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Thank you / Thanks
- 用法：表达感谢，Thanks更随意。
- 例句：Thank you for your help.
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Sorry / Excuse me
- 区别：Sorry用于道歉，Excuse me用于打断或请求注意。
- 例句：Sorry, I’m late. / Excuse me, where is the library?
学习场景高频词
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Book / Notebook
- 区别：Book指书籍，Notebook是笔记本。
- 例句：I need a notebook for math class.
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Pen / Pencil
- 用法：Pen用墨水，Pencil可擦写。
- 例句：Can I borrow your pen?
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Classroom / Blackboard
- 关联词：Classroom是教室，Blackboard是黑板。
- 例句：The teacher writes on the blackboard.
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Homework / Exam
- 用法：Homework指家庭作业，Exam是考试。
- 例句：I have too much homework tonight.
日常生活词汇
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Family成员
- Father, Mother, Brother, Sister
- 例句：My brother is taller than me.
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Food & Drink
- Apple, Water, Rice, Milk
- 例句：I drink milk every morning.
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Time表达
- Today, Tomorrow, Yesterday
- 例句：We have a test tomorrow.
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Weather相关
- Sunny, Rainy, Cloudy
- 例句：It’s sunny outside.
动词高频用法
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Be动词（am/is/are）
- 用法：表示状态或身份。
- 例句：She is a student.
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Have / Has
- 区别：Have用于第一人称，Has用于第三人称单数。
- 例句：He has a new bike.
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Do / Does
- 用法：Do用于一般疑问句，Does用于第三人称单数。
- 例句：Does she like apples?
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Go / Come
- 区别：Go表示离开，Come表示到来。
- 例句：I go to school at 7:00.
形容词与副词
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Big / Small
- 反义词：Big（大）与Small（小）。
- 例句：This box is too big.
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Happy / Sad
- 用法：描述情绪。
- 例句：She looks happy today.
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Fast / Slow
- 对比：Fast（快）与Slow（慢）。
- 例句：The car is very fast.
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Good / Well
- 区别：Good是形容词，Well是副词。
- 例句：She sings well.
介词常见搭配
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In / On / At
- In用于大范围（城市、国家），On用于表面，At用于具体地点。
- 例句：The book is on the table.
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Under / Behind
- 用法：Under表示下方，Behind表示后方。
- 例句：The cat is under the chair.
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Between / Among
- 区别：Between用于两者之间，Among用于三者以上。
- 例句：She sits between Tom and Jerry.
易混淆单词辨析
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Their / There / They’re
- Their是物主代词,There指地点，They’re是缩写。
- 例句：They’re going to their school over there.
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Your / You’re
- Your表示所属,You’re是缩写。
- 例句：You’re late for your class.
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Its / It’s
- Its是物主代词,It’s是缩写。
- 例句：It’s raining, and its effect is clear.
实用短语搭配
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How are you?
回答：I’m fine, thank you.
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What’s your name?
回答：My name is Lucy.
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How old are you?
回答：I’m twelve years old.
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Where are you from?
回答：I’m from China.
掌握这些单词和短语,能有效提升初中生的英语交流能力，坚持每日练习，结合语境记忆，语言学习会变得更加轻松。
