随着城市化进程加快，交通问题成为全球关注的焦点，雅思写作常涉及交通话题，要求考生分析现象、提出解决方案或讨论利弊，本文提供一篇高分范文，并拆解其写作逻辑与语言技巧，帮助考生掌握核心得分点。
Some people believe that governments should invest more in public transport to reduce traffic congestion. Others argue that building wider roads is a better solution. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
高分范文
Traffic congestion has become a pressing issue in urban areas worldwide. While some advocate for expanding road infrastructure to alleviate the problem, others insist that enhancing public transport systems is more effective. This essay will examine both perspectives before concluding that a combination of both approaches, with a stronger emphasis on public transport, offers the optimal solution.
Proponents of road expansion argue that it directly addresses the root cause of congestion: insufficient road capacity. Cities like Los Angeles have historically relied on sprawling highway networks, which initially reduced travel times. Wider roads can accommodate more vehicles, especially in rapidly growing regions where car ownership is rising. Additionally, infrastructure projects often create jobs, stimulating local economies. However, critics point out that this approach is unsustainable. The phenomenon of "induced demand" demonstrates that expanded roads quickly fill with more cars, ultimately failing to solve congestion long-term.
In contrast, investing in public transport presents a more sustainable alternative. Efficient metro systems, such as those in Tokyo or Berlin, prove that high-frequency, affordable services can significantly reduce private vehicle use. Dedicated bus lanes and integrated ticketing systems further enhance convenience, encouraging commuters to abandon cars. Environmental benefits are equally compelling; trains and buses produce lower per-capita emissions than private vehicles. Despite higher initial costs, public transport yields long-term savings by reducing road maintenance expenses and healthcare costs linked to air pollution.
A balanced strategy is essential. While expanding roads may be necessary in certain underdeveloped areas, prioritizing public transport in dense urban centers aligns with global trends toward sustainable mobility. Governments should also implement complementary measures like congestion charges and cycling infrastructure to maximize impact. For instance, London’s congestion charge scheme reduced traffic by 15% within its first decade, demonstrating the power of policy innovation.
Ultimately, over-reliance on road expansion is a short-sighted solution. By investing in robust public transport networks and smart urban planning, cities can achieve lasting traffic relief while advancing environmental and social equity goals. The future of urban mobility lies not in accommodating more cars, but in providing viable alternatives.
写作技巧拆解
结构清晰度
- 双边讨论框架：首段明确对立观点，中间两段分别展开，结尾提出个人立场。
- 逻辑连接词：使用"However"、"In contrast"、"Despite"等短语强化论证对比。
论点与论据
- 具体案例：引用洛杉矶、东京、柏林等城市的真实案例增强说服力。
- 数据支撑：提及"induced demand"（诱导需求）和伦敦拥堵费实施效果，避免空泛论述。
语言得分点
- 学术词汇：alleviate, sustainable, per-capita emissions, integrated ticketing systems 等体现词汇广度。
- 复杂句式：非限定性定语从句（"which initially reduced travel times"）、条件状语从句（"While expanding roads..."）展示语法多样性。
观点深度
- 批判性思维：指出扩路的短期性，强调公共交通的复合效益（经济、环境、健康）。
- 解决方案层次：提出"组合策略"（public transport + congestion charges + cycling），体现分析全面性。
常见错误规避
- 片面论证：避免只讨论一方观点，需体现辩证思考。
- 案例模糊：不要写"some cities"，应明确国家或城市名称。
- 时态混乱：描述普遍现象用现在时（Public transport reduces...），具体案例可用过去时（London’s scheme reduced...）。
延伸话题建议
考生还可准备以下交通类题目：
- 私家车限行的利弊
- 远程办公对交通拥堵的影响
- 共享单车系统的有效性
掌握这类范文的写作逻辑后，可灵活迁移至相似话题，高分的关键在于：精准审题、论证分层、语言准确，以及——始终记住雅思写作考察的是分析能力,而非单纯的观点对错。
