雅思写作Task 1中的静态图（Static Graph）是常见题型之一，主要呈现某一时间点的数据对比或分布情况，如表格、饼图、柱状图或流程图，与动态图不同，静态图不涉及时间变化，因此写作重点在于数据的横向比较和逻辑分类，本文将系统讲解静态图的写作方法，帮助考生快速掌握高分技巧。
静态图的核心特征
静态图通常呈现以下特点：
- 无时间变化：数据反映固定时间点的状态，如“2023年各国能源消耗比例”。
- 强调对比：需突出不同类别之间的差异，例如最高值、最低值或倍数关系。
- 逻辑分组：数据需按合理标准分类，如地区、年龄层、产品类型等。
常见静态图类型包括：
- 表格（Table）
- 饼图（Pie Chart）
- 柱状图（Bar Chart）
- 流程图（Diagram，部分情况为静态）
高分写作结构
引言段（Introduction）
用1-2句话改写题目，避免直接复制。
原题：The table below shows the proportion of income spent on four categories by residents in five European countries in 2020.
改写：The table illustrates how citizens in five European nations allocated their earnings across four expenditure categories during 2020.
概述段（Overview）
概括核心趋势,无需具体数据，需包含：
- 最高值/最低值：指出最显著的数据特征。
- 整体规律：如“食品支出占比普遍高于娱乐”。
示例：Overall, housing accounted for the largest share of expenses in most countries, while the spending on leisure activities remained the lowest.
细节段（Detail Paragraphs）
分2段展开,每段聚焦一个逻辑分组，常用方法：
- 按数值排序：从高到低或反之。
- 按类别对比：如“北欧国家 vs 南欧国家”。
- 按异常值切入：先描述最突出的数据点。
示例（表格题细节段）：
In Germany and France, over 35% of income was spent on accommodation, whereas the figure stood at only 22% in Spain. Conversely, Spanish residents allocated nearly 30% of their budget to food, significantly higher than the 18% in Sweden.
关键语言技巧
数据表达多样化
避免重复使用“account for”，可替换为：
- 动词：constitute, represent, comprise
- 短语：make up, contribute to, be allocated to
比较句型
- 倍数关系：
“The figure in Japan was three times higher than that in Korea.” - 差异强调：
“In contrast to the 10% spending on transport in Italy, only 5% was recorded in Norway.”
精准修饰词
根据程度选用副词：
- 小幅差异：slightly, marginally
- 显著差异：substantially, considerably
常见错误与规避
- 误用趋势词汇：静态图避免使用“increase”“decrease”等动态词汇。
- 数据遗漏：需覆盖所有主要数据点，不可选择性忽略。
- 过度细节：无需描述每个数据，优先呈现关键对比。
真题范文示例
The pie charts below show the distribution of energy sources in Canada and Australia in 2020.
范文：
The pie charts compare the percentage breakdown of energy production from five sources in Canada and Australia during the year 2020.
Overall, both countries relied heavily on fossil fuels, though hydroelectric power played a more prominent role in Canada. Renewable energy sources constituted a minority share in both nations.
In Canada, coal and natural gas collectively represented 60% of total energy output, with coal alone contributing 35%. Hydropower generated 25%, surpassing the combined contribution of solar (5%) and wind (8%). Notably, oil accounted for merely 2%.
By contrast, Australia’s energy mix was dominated by coal, which supplied over half of the total (52%). Natural gas and oil followed at 22% and 12% respectively. Renewable sources remained underdeveloped, with solar and wind energy making up only 10% together.
备考建议
- 限时练习：20分钟内完成写作，培养时间敏感度。
- 语料积累：整理高频词汇（如proportion, distribution, dominant）。
- 逻辑训练：先列提纲再写作，确保段落衔接自然。
静态图写作的核心在于清晰呈现数据关系,而非机械罗列数字，通过分类对比与精准语言，考生完全可以在这一题型中斩获高分。
