雅思写作考试中,流程图题型常让考生感到棘手，不同于常规的议论文或图表描述，流程图要求考生准确理解并清晰描述一个过程或系统的运作方式，掌握流程图写作技巧不仅能提升Task 1的分数，还能锻炼逻辑思维和语言组织能力，本文将详细解析流程图写作的核心方法，并提供实用模板与高分表达。
流程图题型的特点与难点
雅思写作Task 1的流程图通常分为两种类型：
- 自然过程类：如水的循环、植物的生长、火山喷发等。
- 人工制造类：如咖啡生产、塑料回收、水泥制作等。
的难点在于：
- 专业术语多：许多流程涉及特定领域的词汇（如“evaporation”“filtration”）。
- 逻辑关系复杂：步骤之间可能包含分支、循环或并行结构。
- 时态与语态选择：需根据流程性质灵活使用被动语态或一般现在时。
高分写作结构解析
引言段（Introduction）
用1-2句话改写题目，说明流程图的主题，避免直接复制题目，可通过同义替换或改变句式实现。
例句：
- 原题：The diagram shows how coffee is produced.
- 改写：The illustration outlines the key stages involved in the production of coffee.
概述段（Overview）
提炼流程的核心特征,无需细节，关注：
- 步骤总数：如“a five-stage process”。
- 起点与终点：如“from raw material extraction to final packaging”。
- 关键环节：如“the most complex phase involves fermentation and drying”。
例句：
“Overall, the coffee manufacturing process consists of eight distinct steps, beginning with the harvesting of beans and culminating in their distribution to retailers.”
主体段落（Body Paragraphs）
按顺序描述流程,注意：
- 分组描述：将相关步骤合并（如“preparation stages”和“processing stages”）。
- 衔接词：使用“subsequently”“thereafter”“meanwhile”等体现顺序。
- 被动语态：适用于人工制造类流程（如“the beans are roasted”）。
例句：
“After being picked, the coffee cherries are pulped to remove the outer skin. The remaining beans are then fermented in water for up to 48 hours before being dried under sunlight.”
必备词汇与句型
流程动词库
- 自然过程：erode, absorb, condense, decay.
- 人工制造：assemble, compress, grind, package.
衔接表达
- 起始：Initially, The process commences with…
- 中间步骤：Following this, Subsequently, At this stage…
- 结束：Ultimately, The final step involves…
数据补充技巧
若流程包含时间、数量等信息，可适当提及：
“The drying phase lasts approximately 10 days, after which the beans lose 50% of their moisture content.”
常见错误与规避方法
-
机械罗列步骤：避免写成“First… Second…”，需用从句或分词结构衔接。
- 错误：First, the apples are picked. Second, they are washed.
- 优化：After being picked, the apples undergo a thorough washing process.
-
忽略流程特性：循环过程（如碳循环）需点明重复性：“The cycle repeats when CO2 is reabsorbed by plants.”
-
时态混乱：自然规律用一般现在时，历史过程用过去时。
实战案例解析
The diagram below shows how olive oil is produced.
高分范文节选：
“The olive oil production begins with the harvesting of ripe olives, either manually or by mechanical shakers. Subsequently, the harvested fruits are rinsed to remove impurities and transferred to a grinding machine, where they are crushed into a paste. This paste is then pressed to extract a mixture of oil and water, which undergoes centrifugation to separate the two liquids. The final product is stored in stainless steel tanks before being bottled for commercial sale.”
个人观点
流程图写作的本质是信息重组与逻辑呈现,考生应优先保证准确性而非追求复杂句式，通过反复练习熟悉常见流程的英文表达，建议整理高频话题词汇（如renewable energy、waste management），并模拟真实考试时间完成写作，对流程图中非常规图形（如齿轮、管道符号）也需提前了解其英文表述，避免考场慌乱。
