雅思写作考试分为大作文和小作文两部分,小作文主要考察数据描述能力，包括图表、流程图、地图等题型，想要在小作文中取得高分，精准的词汇运用至关重要，本文将系统梳理雅思小作文的核心词汇，帮助考生提升表达的准确性和多样性。

数据趋势描述词汇

上升趋势

• 动词：increase, rise, grow, climb, surge, soar, escalate
• 名词：increase, rise, growth, surge, upturn
• 副词：sharply, rapidly, significantly, steadily, moderately
• 短语：go up, shoot up, experience an upward trend

例句：

• The number of tourists increased sharply from 2000 to 2010.
• There was a significant rise in sales during the holiday season.

下降趋势

• 动词：decrease, decline, fall, drop, plummet, dip
• 名词：decrease, decline, drop, downturn, slump
• 副词：dramatically, sharply, gradually, slightly
• 短语：go down, take a nosedive, experience a downward trend

例句：

• The unemployment rate declined gradually over the decade.
• A sharp drop in temperature was recorded in December.

波动趋势

• 动词：fluctuate, vary, oscillate
• 名词：fluctuation, variation, instability
• 副词：erratically, unpredictably
• 短语：go up and down, show no clear pattern

例句：

• Prices fluctuated throughout the year.
• The data showed no clear trend, remaining unstable.

平稳趋势

• 动词：stabilize, remain steady, level off
• 名词：stability, plateau
• 副词：consistently, steadily
• 短语：stay the same, hold steady

例句：

• The inflation rate remained stable for three consecutive years.
• After a period of growth, the figures leveled off.

数据比较词汇

表示最高值

• 词汇：peak, highest, maximum, top
• 短语：reach a peak, hit the highest point

例句：

• The temperature peaked at 35°C in July.
• Sales reached their highest point in 2015.

表示最低值

• 词汇：bottom, lowest, minimum, trough
• 短语：hit a low, reach the lowest point

例句：

• The stock price bottomed out in March.
• Unemployment hit its lowest level in a decade.

表示相似或相同

• 词汇：similar, comparable, identical, alike
• 短语：on par with, in line with

例句：

• The figures for 2010 and 2015 were comparable.
• The growth rate was in line with previous years.

表示差异

• 词汇：different, distinct, varying, divergent
• 短语：in contrast to, compared to

例句：

• In contrast to urban areas, rural regions showed slower growth.
• The data varied significantly across different age groups.

数据占比描述词汇

表示比例

• 词汇：percentage, proportion, ratio, share
• 短语：account for, make up

例句：

• Renewable energy accounted for 20% of total production.
• The elderly made up a small proportion of the population.

表示大多数

• 词汇：majority, most, predominant, dominant
• 短语：the bulk of, a large share of

例句：

• The majority of students preferred online learning.
• A large share of the budget was allocated to education.

表示少数

• 词汇：minority, few, limited, small
• 短语：a small fraction of, a negligible amount

例句：

• Only a minority of participants disagreed with the proposal.
• A small fraction of the sample exhibited unusual behavior.

时间描述词汇

表示起点和终点

• 词汇：begin, start, commence, end, conclude, finish
• 短语：from...to..., between...and...

例句：

• The study commenced in 2005 and concluded in 2010.
• The trend was observed between 1990 and 2000.

表示时间段

• 词汇：period, duration, span, interval
• 短语：over the course of, during the timeframe

例句：

• Over the course of a decade, the population doubled.
• The changes occurred during a five-year span.

流程与地图词汇

流程描述词汇

• 步骤词汇：first, next, then, subsequently, finally
• 动作词汇：produce, manufacture, process, transport, distribute
• 变化词汇：convert, transform, refine, assemble

例句：

• First, raw materials are collected, and then they are processed.
• The final product is distributed to retailers.

地图变化词汇

• 新增：build, construct, establish, add
• 移除：demolish, remove, dismantle
• 扩建：expand, extend, enlarge
• 改建：renovate, modernize, redesign

例句：

• A new shopping mall was constructed in the city center.
• The old factory was demolished to make way for a park.

高分替换词汇

避免重复使用简单词汇,以下是一些高分替换方案：

例句：

• The population increased substantially over the period.
• The impact of the policy was negligible.

常见错误与修正

1. 错误：使用“go up”过于频繁。
   修正：替换为“rise, climb, surge”等。

2. 错误：混淆“increase”和“raise”（raise是及物动词，需接宾语）。
   修正：The temperature increased（正确）；The company raised prices（正确）。

3. 错误：过度使用“very”修饰趋势词汇。
   修正：用“sharply, dramatically, significantly”代替。

4. 错误：在流程图中使用“and then”过于重复。
   修正：替换为“subsequently, afterward, following this”。

掌握这些词汇并灵活运用,能显著提升雅思小作文的得分，建议考生在练习时多尝试不同表达方式，避免单一重复，同时注意数据描述的准确性和逻辑性。