雅思写作考试中,小作文（Task 1）占据重要地位，尤其对于希望获得高分的考生来说，掌握核心词汇至关重要，图表描述、数据对比、趋势分析等都需要精准的词汇表达，才能让文章更具逻辑性和学术性，本文整理雅思小作文高频词汇，帮助考生提升写作质量。

数据描述词汇

上升趋势

• 动词：increase, rise, grow, climb, surge, soar, escalate
• 名词：increase, rise, growth, surge, escalation
• 副词：sharply, rapidly, significantly, steadily, gradually

例句：

• The number of students studying abroad increased sharply from 2010 to 2020.
• There was a steady rise in online sales over the decade.

下降趋势

• 动词：decrease, decline, drop, fall, plummet, dip
• 名词：decrease, decline, drop, fall, reduction
• 副词：dramatically, sharply, slightly, steadily

例句：

• The unemployment rate declined significantly after the economic recovery.
• A sharp drop in oil prices was observed in 2020.

波动趋势

• 动词：fluctuate, vary, oscillate
• 名词：fluctuation, variation
• 副词：erratically, unpredictably

例句：

• The stock market fluctuated wildly during the financial crisis.
• There were significant fluctuations in temperature throughout the year.

稳定趋势

• 动词：stabilize, remain steady, level off
• 名词：stability, plateau
• 副词：consistently, steadily

例句：

• After 2015, the population growth rate stabilized.
• The price of gold remained steady for several months.

比较与对比词汇

表示“高于”

• exceed, surpass, overtake, outnumber
• higher than, greater than, more than

例句：

• The sales of electric cars surpassed traditional vehicles in 2023.
• In 2020, urban populations outnumbered rural ones for the first time.

表示“低于”

• fall below, drop under, be less than
• lower than, fewer than

例句：

• The birth rate fell below the replacement level in many countries.
• Rural areas had fewer healthcare facilities compared to cities.

表示“相似”

• similar to, comparable to, on par with
• resemble, mirror

例句：

• The GDP growth rate in 2022 was comparable to that of 2018.
• The trend in Europe mirrored that in North America.

表示“差异”

• differ from, contrast with, vary
• disparity, gap, discrepancy

例句：

• Male and female participation rates differed significantly in STEM fields.
• There was a noticeable gap between high-income and low-income groups.

时间表达词汇

时间起点与终点

• from…to…, between…and…, starting from, ending at

例句：

• The study covered the period from 2000 to 2020.
• Between 2015 and 2025, renewable energy usage doubled.

时间阶段

• over the period, during the decade, throughout the years
• in the first/last quarter, at the beginning/end

例句：

• Over the 20-year period, urbanization accelerated rapidly.
• In the first quarter, sales peaked before declining.

时间变化

• by the end of, until, up to
• before, after, since

例句：

• By the end of 2023, the company had expanded to 50 countries.
• The trend continued until the economic downturn.

数据比例与占比词汇

表示“占比”

• account for, constitute, make up, represent
• proportion, percentage, share

例句：

• Renewable energy accounted for 30% of total production.
• The proportion of elderly people increased steadily.

表示“最高/最低”

• the highest, the largest, the most significant
• the lowest, the smallest, the least

例句：

• The UK had the highest proportion of university graduates.
• The smallest share of the budget was allocated to arts.

表示“大约”

• approximately, roughly, around, about
• nearly, almost, close to

例句：

• Approximately 40% of respondents preferred online shopping.
• The figure was close to 1 million by 2020.

图表类型与描述词汇

常见图表类型

• line graph（折线图）
• bar chart（柱状图）
• pie chart（饼图）
• table（表格）
• flow chart（流程图）
• map（地图）

图表描述句式

• The line graph illustrates changes in…
• The bar chart compares different categories of…
• The pie chart shows the distribution of…
• The table provides data on…

高分替换词汇

避免重复使用简单词汇,提升语言多样性：

写作注意事项

1. 避免主观描述：小作文是数据描述，不应加入个人观点。
2. 逻辑清晰：按时间、类别或数据大小有序描述。
3. 词汇精准：趋势词、比较词、占比词要准确使用。
4. 句式多变：结合主动句、被动句、分词结构等增强表达。

掌握这些核心词汇,考生能更自信地应对雅思小作文，提升写作分数，多练习不同图表类型，熟悉数据描述方式，才能在考试中游刃有余。