在雅思写作考试中,小作文的折线图题型是高频考点之一，想要在描述数据趋势时游刃有余，掌握精准的词汇和表达方式至关重要，本文将系统梳理折线图描述的核心词汇、句型结构及常见误区，帮助考生在考场上快速组织语言，展现清晰的逻辑和丰富的词汇量。
基础趋势词汇
上升趋势
- 动词：increase, rise, grow, climb, surge, soar, escalate
- 名词：increase, rise, growth, upward trend, surge
- 副词：steadily, gradually, sharply, dramatically, significantly
例句：
- The number of visitors rose steadily from 200 to 500 between 2010 and 2020.
- There was a dramatic surge in sales during the holiday season.
下降趋势
- 动词：decrease, decline, drop, fall, plummet, dip
- 名词：decrease, decline, drop, downward trend, plunge
- 副词：slightly, moderately, sharply, steeply
例句：
- The unemployment rate dropped sharply after the new policy was implemented.
- A moderate decline in production was observed in the third quarter.
平稳趋势
- 动词：remain stable, stay constant, level off, stabilize
- 名词：stability, plateau
例句：
- Prices remained stable throughout the year.
- After a period of growth, the figures leveled off at around 1,000 units.
波动趋势
- 动词：fluctuate, vary, oscillate
- 名词：fluctuation, variation
例句：
- The exchange rate fluctuated between 1.2 and 1.4 during the observed period.
- Significant fluctuations were recorded in monthly rainfall data.
数据对比与极值表达
最高点与最低点
- 峰值：peak, reach a high of, hit a maximum of
- 低谷：bottom out, hit a low of, reach a minimum of
例句：
- The temperature peaked at 38°C in July.
- Sales bottomed out in 2015 before recovering.
比较级与倍数关系
- 高于：higher than, exceed, surpass
- 低于：lower than, fall below
- 倍数：double, triple, quadruple
例句：
- The figure for 2020 was twice as high as that of 2010.
- Urban population surpassed rural population after 2005.
时间与幅度描述
时间节点
- 起始点：at the beginning of the period, initially
- 转折点：by contrast, however, in comparison
- 终点：by the end of the period, eventually
例句：
- Initially, the growth rate was slow, but it accelerated after 2015.
- By the end of the decade, the gap between the two groups had widened.
变化幅度
- 小幅变化：slight, modest, marginal
- 大幅变化：substantial, considerable, remarkable
例句：
- There was a marginal increase in the number of participants.
- A considerable drop occurred following the economic crisis.
高分句型模板
主体段开篇句
- The graph illustrates changes in... over a...-year period.
- A clear trend can be observed in the data...
趋势描述句
- After remaining stable at..., the figure began to...
- The most striking feature is the sudden... in...
对比句型
- While X showed an upward trend, Y experienced the opposite.
- In contrast to..., ... remained relatively unchanged.
常见错误与修正
-
重复使用相同词汇
- 错误：The number increased. Then it increased again.
- 修正：The number rose steadily before surging dramatically.
-
忽略数据单位
- 错误：The population grew to 50.
- 修正：The population grew to 50 million.
-
时态混乱
- 错误：In 2000, the price is rising.
- 修正：In 2000, the price rose.
实战应用示例
The graph below shows changes in the share of renewable energy in three countries from 2000 to 2020.
范文节选：
Between 2000 and 2010, Country A's renewable energy share climbed gradually from 5% to 15%, while Country B remained stable at around 10%. By contrast, Country C plummeted from 20% to 8% during the same period. The most dramatic surge occurred in Country A after 2015, when its figure soared to 35%, surpassing both other nations.
想要在雅思小作文中脱颖而出,关键在于灵活运用多样化的趋势词汇，避免机械式套用模板，通过精确描述数据变化、合理对比关键节点，并辅以恰当的连接词，你的文章自然能体现逻辑性与语言丰富度，多练习真题，积累不同场景下的表达方式，考场上定能从容应对。
