在英文写作或口语中，举例是让观点更清晰、论证更有力的重要手段，掌握不同的举例表达方式，能让你的语言更自然、更地道，以下是一些常用的英文单词和短语，帮助你更灵活地引入例子。
For example
最常见的举例表达，适用于正式和非正式场合。
- Many fruits are rich in vitamin C; for example, oranges and strawberries.
- She enjoys outdoor activities, for example, hiking and cycling.
For instance
与 for example 类似，但更正式一些，常用于书面语。
- Some animals hibernate during winter—for instance, bears and hedgehogs.
- Certain languages, for instance, Mandarin and Arabic, are considered difficult for English speakers.
Such as
用于列举同类事物，通常放在名词后面。
- He enjoys playing sports such as basketball and tennis.
- Many countries, such as Japan and Italy, have rich culinary traditions.
Like
口语中常用，比 such as 更随意。
- She loves reading classic novels like Pride and Prejudice and 1984
- Some people prefer tea, like my sister, who drinks it every morning.
Including
强调包含关系，通常用于列举部分内容。
- The course covers various topics, including history, literature, and philosophy.
- All team members, including the manager, attended the meeting.
Namely
用于具体指出某事物的名称或细节。
- Three countries, namely France, Germany, and Spain, signed the agreement.
- The company has two main offices, namely in New York and London.
To illustrate
常用于解释或证明某个观点。
- The data shows a clear trend. To illustrate, sales increased by 30% last quarter.
- He explained the concept well. To illustrate, he used a simple analogy.
As an example
强调某个特定的例子。
- Many cities face traffic problems. As an example, Los Angeles has severe congestion.
- Some plants can survive extreme conditions. As an example, cacti thrive in deserts.
Take... for example
口语化表达，用于强调某个具体实例。
- Many jobs require teamwork. Take software development, for example.
- Some animals are highly intelligent. Take dolphins, for example.
e.g.
拉丁语 exempli gratia 的缩写，用于书面语，尤其是学术写作。
- Some mammals (e.g., bats and dolphins) use echolocation.
- The study examined various factors (e.g., age, income, education).
i.e.
拉丁语 id est 的缩写，意思是“即”，用于进一步解释。
- The meeting is scheduled for the first Monday of the month (i.e., October 2nd).
- She prefers non-fiction books (i.e., biographies and historical accounts).
Case in point
强调某个例子特别能证明论点。
- Many athletes struggle with injuries. Case in point: Serena Williams’ knee issues.
- Some tech companies prioritize innovation. Case in point: Apple’s product launches.
By way of illustration
正式表达，用于详细说明。
- The author explained the theory clearly. By way of illustration, he provided a detailed diagram.
- The report highlights key trends. By way of illustration, it includes several graphs.
In particular
用于强调某个特定的例子。
- Many fruits are healthy, but blueberries in particular are high in antioxidants.
- She enjoys classical music, Mozart in particular.
Notably
用于指出特别值得注意的例子。
- Several scientists contributed to the discovery, notably Marie Curie.
- Some cities have excellent public transport, notably Tokyo and Singapore.
Especially
强调某个突出的例子。
- All fruits are nutritious, especially berries.
- He enjoys sports, especially football.
Specifically
用于提供精确的例子。
- The study focused on certain regions, specifically Southeast Asia.
- She collects vintage items, specifically records from the 1960s.
To name a few
用于列举部分例子，暗示还有更多。
- Many languages are spoken in Europe—French, German, and Spanish, to name a few.
- The festival features various genres—jazz, rock, and hip-hop, to name a few.
As shown by
常用于引用数据或研究支持论点。
- Exercise improves mental health, as shown by recent studies.
- The economy is recovering, as shown by the latest employment figures.
A good example is
直接指出一个典型例子。
- Many companies prioritize sustainability. A good example is Patagonia.
- Some animals have unique adaptations. A good example is the chameleon.
如何选择合适的举例表达？
- 正式写作：优先使用 for instance, namely, to illustrate, as an example。
- 口语或非正式写作：like, for example, take... for example 更自然。
- 学术或技术文章：e.g., i.e., notably, specifically 更合适。
灵活运用这些表达，能让你的英文更流畅、更有说服力，不同的场合选择不同的词汇，既能提升语言质量,也能让读者更容易理解你的观点。
