雅思写作考试中,原因建议类（Cause & Solution）作文是常见题型之一，要求考生分析某一社会现象的原因，并提出可行的解决方案，这类题目不仅考察考生的语言能力，还检验逻辑思维和问题解决能力，本文将详细解析这类作文的写作方法，帮助考生高效备考。
题型特点与审题技巧
原因建议类作文通常以以下形式出现：
- “What are the causes of this problem? How can it be solved?”
- “Why is this happening? What measures can be taken?”
审题时需注意：
- 明确问题范围：题目可能涉及环境、教育、科技、社会等多个领域，需精准定位核心问题。
- 区分原因与建议：避免将原因段落写成问题描述，或把建议段落写成原因延伸。
- 平衡篇幅：原因和建议两部分应篇幅相当，避免头重脚轻。
例题示范：
“Many cities are facing traffic congestion. What are the causes? How can governments address this issue?”
- 核心问题：交通拥堵
- 重点：分析原因（如私家车增多、公共交通不足），提出政府可采取的措施（如完善公交系统、征收拥堵费）。
高分结构解析
引言（Introduction）
用2-3句话完成：
- 背景句：简要说明现象普遍性。
- 问题句：点明题目核心问题。
- 观点句：概括原因和建议方向（可选）。
示例：
Traffic congestion has become a pressing issue in urban areas worldwide. The increasing number of private vehicles and inadequate public transport systems are major contributors to this problem. Governments and citizens must collaborate to implement effective solutions.
原因段落（Body Paragraph 1）
采用“主题句+解释+例证”结构：
- 主题句：直接点明一个主要原因。
- 扩展句：解释该原因如何导致问题。
- 例证：用数据、研究或生活实例支撑观点。
示例：
The primary cause of traffic jams is the over-reliance on private cars. As incomes rise, more families can afford personal vehicles, leading to a surge in car ownership. For instance, Beijing’s car population exceeded 6 million in 2023, resulting in chronic gridlock during rush hours.
建议段落（Body Paragraph 2）
建议需具体、可行，避免空泛表述：
- 主题句：提出解决方案方向。
- 实施方法：说明如何操作。
- 预期效果：解释该建议的合理性。
示例：
Improving public transport infrastructure is a viable solution. Governments should invest in expanding subway networks and increasing bus frequency, as seen in cities like Tokyo where 90% of commuters use public transport. This would reduce private car usage significantly.
Conclusion）
用1-2句话重申核心观点，无需新信息：
Addressing traffic congestion requires both policy interventions and public participation. Only through combined efforts can cities achieve sustainable mobility.
语言提分技巧
原因分析常用表达
- 词汇：contribute to, result from, stem from, be attributed to
- 句式：
- “The root cause lies in…”
- “This phenomenon is primarily driven by…”
建议提出高级句型
- 虚拟语气： “If governments implemented congestion charges, traffic volume would decrease.”
- 被动语态： “Stricter regulations should be enforced to limit car emissions.”
- 分词结构： “Encouraging remote work, companies can alleviate rush-hour pressure.”
衔接词优化
- 原因部分：Firstly, Another key factor, Ultimately
- 建议部分：One practical approach, Alternatively, In the long term
常见误区与修正
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原因与建议脱节
- 错误：原因分析“私家车增多”，建议却写“推广电动汽车”。
- 修正：建议需直接对应原因，如“征收高额停车费以抑制购车需求”。
-
建议过于理想化
- 错误： “Governments should ban all private cars.”
- 修正： “Introducing carpool lanes could incentivize ride-sharing.”
-
例证空洞
- 错误： “Many people drive cars, causing traffic.”
- 修正： “According to the World Bank, urban traffic speeds dropped by 30% globally in the past decade due to rising car ownership.”
实战演练
“Many young people struggle with financial management. What are the causes? What solutions can you suggest?”
范文节选：
Poor financial literacy is a leading cause of money mismanagement. Schools often neglect practical economics education, leaving young adults unprepared for budgeting. A 2022 OECD survey revealed that 60% of millennials could not calculate interest rates accurately. To address this, governments should mandate financial courses in high schools, covering topics like savings and investments.
通过系统训练和精准表达,考生能在原因建议类作文中展现清晰的逻辑与解决问题的能力，多积累社会热点案例，结合模板灵活运用，写作分数自然稳步提升。
