环境问题是雅思写作高频话题之一,涉及气候变化、污染治理、能源转型等多个维度，本文将通过一篇8分范文拆解，分析环境类议论文的论证逻辑、词汇升级和结构优化策略，帮助考生在考场上快速构建高分框架。

高分范文呈现

Some people believe that environmental problems should be solved globally, while others think they should be dealt with nationally. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

The escalating climate crisis has sparked debate about whether environmental protection requires international cooperation or national-level interventions. While sovereign states possess the authority to implement immediate reforms, transnational collaboration remains indispensable for addressing planetary-scale challenges.

Proponents of national solutions emphasize three advantages. Firstly, tailored policies account for regional disparities—arid countries like Australia prioritize water conservation, whereas industrial nations such as Germany focus on renewable energy transitions. Secondly, domestic legislation ensures faster enforcement; China's 2020 plastic ban reduced single-use plastic waste by 40% within two years. Thirdly, local communities show higher compliance when regulations align with cultural contexts, as seen in Japan's meticulous waste sorting systems rooted in civic pride.

However, global coordination proves critical for issues transcending borders. Greenhouse gas emissions exemplify this—CO2 released in India affects atmospheric conditions worldwide. The Paris Agreement demonstrates how 196 countries collectively limiting temperature rises to 1.5°C can mitigate cross-border climate disasters. Moreover, multinational corporations often evade environmental responsibilities by relocating polluting factories to lax-regulation regions, necessitating treaties like the Basel Convention controlling hazardous waste trafficking.

Technological and financial disparities further underscore the need for international involvement. Advanced economies must share clean energy innovations; Denmark's wind turbine exports helped Vietnam increase renewable capacity by 80% from 2015-2020. The Green Climate Fund channels $100 billion annually to assist developing nations in adopting eco-friendly infrastructures—a recognition that environmental justice requires wealth redistribution.

In my assessment, a dual-track approach maximizes efficacy. National governments should enact stringent environmental laws while participating in global frameworks. Norway exemplifies this balance: domestically mandating 100% electric vehicle sales by 2025, while internationally funding Amazon rainforest conservation. This synergy between local implementation and worldwide solidarity offers the most viable path toward sustainability.

核心得分点解析

辩证式论点构建

范文采用"双边讨论+个人立场"结构，通过区域差异（regional disparities）、执行效率（enforcement efficiency）、文化适配性（cultural alignment）三个维度论证国家方案的合理性；转而用跨境影响（transboundary impact）、企业监管（corporate regulation）、技术鸿沟（technological gap）说明全球协作的必要性，体现批判性思维。

数据化论据支撑

• 中国限塑令效果："reduced single-use plastic waste by 40% within two years"
• 巴黎协定参与度："196 countries collectively limiting temperature rises"
• 资金规模量化："The Green Climate Fund channels $100 billion annually"

这些具体数据增强论证可信度,符合雅思评分标准中"well-supported ideas"的要求。

学术词汇分层运用

特别值得注意的是动词精准化处理：

• "evade responsibilities"替代"avoid duties"
• "mandating sales"替代"requiring sales"
• "channels funds"替代"gives money"

衔接机制多样性

• 代词指代："This synergy..."承接前文挪威案例
• 逻辑副词："Moreover"递进跨国公司论证层次
• 比较结构："While sovereign states..."建立对比关系

高频话题扩展素材

气候变化类

• 碳捕捉技术（carbon capture technology）：冰岛"Orca"工厂每年封存4000吨CO2
• 气候难民（climate refugees）：世界银行预测2050年将有2.16亿人因环境灾害迁移

能源转型类

• 光伏产业（photovoltaic industry）：中国光伏组件产能占全球76%
• 生物燃料争议（biofuel debate）：玉米乙醇导致墨西哥粮食价格上涨27%

生物多样性类

• 生态服务价值（ecosystem services）：珊瑚礁保护海岸线的经济价值达$36万亿/年
• 入侵物种（invasive species）：缅甸蟒致美国佛罗里达州小型哺乳动物减少99%

写作误区警示

1. 伪因果逻辑：
   错误案例："Electric cars are popular, so air pollution has decreased"（未考虑电力来源可能依赖化石燃料）
   修正方案："Electric vehicles powered by renewable energy can reduce transport emissions by up to 50% (IEA, 2023)"

2. 绝对化表述：
   错误案例："All plastic products must be banned immediately"
   修正方案："Phasing out non-recyclable plastics through graduated taxation could be more pragmatic"

3. 例证空泛化：
   错误案例："Many countries have environmental policies"
   修正方案："The UK's plastic packaging tax levied £200/tonne on products with <30% recycled content"

   

考场实战中,建议用15分钟完成提纲：

1. 划题干关键词（globally/nationally）
2. 双边各列2个分论点 + 1个反驳点
3. 筛选3个最具地域代表性的案例
4. 设计开头结尾的呼应句

环境类议题的本质是平衡生态可持续性（ecological sustainability）与发展权（development rights），当考生能清晰呈现这种复杂性——比如讨论碳税对低收入群体的影响，或绿色就业带来的经济转型——往往能突破7分瓶颈，挪威政府将石油收入投入可再生能源研发的"悖论式决策"，就是值得深入分析的典型范例。