雅思写作考试中，小作文（Task 1）通常是图表描述题，要求考生在20分钟内完成150字以上的写作，许多考生在描述数据时容易陷入词汇匮乏、句式单一的困境，掌握一些常见句型，不仅能提升表达的多样性，还能帮助考生更流畅地组织语言，提高得分，以下是一些实用句型，适用于各类图表描述。
开头段句型
开头段的主要任务是简要介绍图表内容，包括图表类型、时间范围、数据主题等。
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The chart/graph/table/diagram illustrates/shows/depicts...
- The bar chart illustrates the changes in energy consumption between 1990 and 2020.
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The data provided in the chart/graph/table presents information about...
- The data provided in the table presents information about the percentage of internet users in different age groups.
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It is clear from the chart/graph/table that...
- It is clear from the graph that the number of tourists increased steadily over the decade.
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The given figure compares...
- The given figure compares the average temperatures in three major cities during summer.
描述趋势的句型
在动态图表（如线图、柱状图）中，描述趋势变化是核心任务。
上升趋势
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There was a significant/moderate/slight increase in...
- There was a significant increase in the sales of electric vehicles between 2015 and 2020.
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The figure rose/grew/climbed from...to...
- The figure rose from 20% in 2010 to 45% in 2020.
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...experienced an upward trend, reaching...
- The unemployment rate experienced an upward trend, reaching its peak in 2018.
下降趋势
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There was a sharp/gradual/minor decline in...
- There was a sharp decline in the number of traditional bookstores after 2010.
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The figure dropped/fell/decreased to...
- The figure dropped to 15% by the end of the period.
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...saw a downward trend, hitting its lowest point at...
- The birth rate saw a downward trend, hitting its lowest point at 1.2% in 2020.
平稳趋势
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The figure remained stable/unchanged at...
- The figure remained stable at around 30% throughout the period.
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No significant change was observed in...
- No significant change was observed in the consumption of dairy products.
波动趋势
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The data fluctuated between...and...
- The data fluctuated between 50 and 70 units during the five-year period.
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...showed considerable variations, with peaks and troughs...
- The stock prices showed considerable variations, with peaks in 2015 and troughs in 2018.
比较数据的句型
在静态图表（如饼图、表格）中，比较不同类别的数据是关键。
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...accounted for the largest/smallest proportion, at...
- Renewable energy accounted for the largest proportion, at 40%.
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The figure for...was higher/lower than that of...
- The figure for urban areas was higher than that of rural areas.
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...was the most/least popular, with...
- Online shopping was the most popular, with 60% of consumers preferring it.
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Compared to..., ...was significantly higher/lower.
- Compared to 2010, the figure was significantly higher in 2020.
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...was similar to..., both standing at...
- The consumption of beef was similar to that of pork, both standing at around 25%.
描述比例的句型
在饼图或百分比数据中，常用以下句型：
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...made up/constituted...of the total.
- Private cars made up 35% of the total vehicles.
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The majority/minority of...was...
- The majority of respondents preferred online learning.
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...represented a considerable/small fraction, at...
- Nuclear energy represented a small fraction, at only 5%.
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Nearly/Approximately/Roughly...% of...
- Nearly 70% of the population had access to clean water.
预测或总结的句型
部分图表可能涉及未来趋势或需要总结主要特征。
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It is predicted/projected that...will continue to rise/fall.
- It is predicted that the demand for solar energy will continue to rise.
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Overall, the chart indicates that...
- Overall, the chart indicates a steady growth in online sales.
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The most striking feature is...
- The most striking feature is the rapid decline in coal usage.
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In conclusion, the data suggests...
- In conclusion, the data suggests a shift towards sustainable energy sources.
高级替换词汇
避免重复使用相同词汇，可尝试以下替换：
- Increase: rise, grow, climb, surge, soar
- Decrease: decline, drop, fall, plummet, dip
- Fluctuate: vary, oscillate, swing
- Highest: peak, maximum, top
- Lowest: bottom, minimum, trough
实用写作技巧
- 避免主观表达：小作文是客观描述，避免使用“I think”“In my opinion”等主观表达。
- 合理分段：通常分为开头、主体（趋势/比较）、总结三部分，确保逻辑清晰。
- 数据准确性：确保引用数据时精确，避免模糊表述如“a lot”“many”。
- 多样化连接词：使用“while”“whereas”“in contrast”等增强句子衔接。
掌握这些句型后，考生可以更自信地应对各类图表题，提升写作流畅度和得分潜力，多加练习，结合真题模拟,写作能力自然会稳步提高。
