雅思小作文中的程序图（Process Diagram）是考生常遇到的题型之一，要求考生描述某个流程或步骤，这类题目通常涉及自然现象、工业生产、生物循环等，需要考生用清晰、准确的语言将过程表达出来，本文将详细讲解如何高效应对程序图写作，帮助考生在考试中取得高分。
程序图的基本特点
程序图通常由多个步骤组成,并用箭头或编号表示顺序，常见的类型包括：
- 自然过程（如水的循环、光合作用）
- 人工制造流程（如水泥生产、塑料回收）
- 生物过程（如蜜蜂采蜜、人类消化系统）
无论哪种类型,核心任务是客观描述，避免主观评论，同时确保逻辑清晰、衔接自然。
写作步骤解析
审题与分析
在动笔前,先观察图表，明确：
- 流程的起点和终点（如从原料到成品）
- 关键步骤的数量（通常4-6步）
- 是否有循环或分支（如某些流程会重复）
一道关于“咖啡生产”的题目可能包含种植、采摘、加工、烘焙、包装等步骤。
文章结构安排
雅思小作文建议采用四段式结构：
引言（Introduction）
用1-2句话概括图表内容，避免直接复制题目，可适当改写。
示例：
The diagram illustrates the process of coffee production, from the initial cultivation of beans to the final packaging for retail.
Overview）*
简要总结流程的主要阶段，无需细节，突出整体特征。
示例：*
Overall, the process involves several stages, beginning with the harvesting of coffee cherries and ending with the distribution of packaged coffee to consumers.
主体段落1（Body Paragraph 1）
描述前半部分流程，使用恰当的连接词。
示例：
Initially, coffee cherries are hand-picked from plants, after which they undergo pulping to remove the outer skin. The remaining beans are then fermented in water for up to 48 hours to eliminate mucus.
主体段落2（Body Paragraph 2）
描述后半部分流程，注意与前文的衔接。
示例：
Following fermentation, the beans are washed and dried under the sun before being roasted at high temperatures. Finally, they are ground, packaged, and shipped to supermarkets or cafes.
语言与句式技巧
时态与语态
- 一般现在时（描述普遍流程）
- 被动语态（强调动作而非执行者，如“The beans are dried…”）
衔接词
确保流程连贯,可使用：
- 顺序词：First, Next, Subsequently, Finally
- 因果词：As a result, Therefore
- 对比词：Meanwhile, In contrast（适用于分支流程）
词汇多样性
避免重复,如“then”可替换为“afterwards”“subsequently”。
常见错误与改进
- 遗漏步骤：确保每个阶段都被提及，避免跳跃式描述。
- 过度细节：不需要解释原理（如“发酵是为了分解糖分”），只需陈述事实。
- 主观表述：避免“This is interesting”等个人观点。
高分范文示例
** The diagram below shows how olive oil is produced.
范文：
The diagram outlines the stages involved in the production of olive oil, from harvesting to packaging.
Overall, the process consists of several key steps, starting with the collection of olives and culminating in the distribution of the final product.
Initially, ripe olives are harvested from trees either manually or with machinery. These olives are then rinsed thoroughly to remove impurities such as leaves and dirt. After washing, they are crushed into a paste using large grinding stones or modern presses.
Subsequently, the paste undergoes malaxation, a mixing process that helps separate oil from solids. The mixture is then centrifuged to extract pure oil, while the remaining pomace can be further processed for secondary products. Finally, the oil is stored in stainless steel tanks before being bottled and shipped to retailers.
个人观点
掌握程序图的关键在于逻辑性和准确性,通过分析真题、积累常用词汇，并多练习连贯表达，考生完全可以在20分钟内完成一篇高质量的小作文。
