在雅思写作考试中,生物生长图(Growth Chart)是常见的题型之一,这类题目通常以图表形式展示植物、动物或微生物的生长趋势,要求考生分析数据并撰写一篇150字以上的报告,掌握生物生长图的写作技巧不仅能帮助考生在考试中得分,还能提升逻辑思维和数据描述能力。
生物生长图的特点
生物生长图通常以折线图、柱状图或表格形式呈现,展示某一生物在不同时间点或条件下的生长变化,常见主题包括:
- 植物生长:如光照、水分或肥料对植物高度的影响。
- 动物发育:如鱼类体重随水温变化的趋势。
- 微生物繁殖:如细菌数量在不同pH环境下的增长情况。
这类图表的核心是时间(X轴)与生长指标(Y轴)的关系,考生需准确捕捉趋势、比较差异并分析原因。
写作结构解析
一篇高分的生物生长图作文应包含以下四部分:
引言(Introduction)
用1-2句话概括图表内容,包括:
- 生物种类(如玉米、果蝇)。
- 测量指标(如高度、数量)。
- 时间范围或实验条件。
例句:
"The line graph illustrates the growth of wheat plants over a 12-week period under three different light conditions."
总体趋势(Overview)
提炼2-3条核心趋势,避免细节数据,重点关注:
- 最高/最低值。
- 显著变化阶段(如快速增长期)。
- 不同组别的对比结果。
例句:
"Overall, plants exposed to full sunlight showed the most rapid growth, while those in shaded conditions remained stunted after week 6."
细节描述(Details)
分段描述具体数据,建议按时间或组别划分段落,注意:
- 使用准确数据(如"increased by 15 cm"而非"grew a lot")。
- 对比差异(如"Group A surpassed Group B by week 8")。
- 使用连接词(while, whereas, similarly)增强逻辑性。
例句:
"At the 4-week mark, wheat in full sunlight reached 20 cm, doubling the height of shaded plants. By contrast, partial light conditions resulted in a steady increase of 2 cm per week."
可能的原因分析(Optional)
若字数允许,可简要推测趋势成因,体现学术思维。
- "The decline in bacterial growth after day 5 may be linked to nutrient depletion."
- "Faster growth under blue light aligns with studies on chlorophyll absorption."
高分语言技巧
数据表达多样化
避免重复使用"increase"或"decrease",可替换为:
- 上升:rise, climb, surge, escalate
- 下降:decline, drop, plummet, dip
- 波动:fluctuate, oscillate
时态与语态
- 过去数据用一般过去时:"The population peaked at 500 in 1990."
- 普遍规律用现在时:"Sunlight accelerates photosynthesis."
- 被动语态突出客观性:"Nutrients were added weekly."
比较句型
- "X was twice as high as Y."
- "In contrast to A, B showed minimal change."
- "Both groups followed a similar pattern until..."
常见错误与改进
-
机械罗列数据
❌ "In week 1 it was 10 cm, in week 2 it was 15 cm..."
✅ "The plant exhibited consistent growth, gaining 5 cm weekly for the first month." -
忽略单位
❌ "The weight rose to 50."
✅ "The weight rose to 50 grams." -
过度主观
❌ "This proves sunlight is best for plants."
✅ "The data suggests sunlight may be a critical factor."
实战案例
The chart below shows the height of pea plants grown with four different fertilizers over 8 weeks.
范文节选:
"The line graph compares the growth of pea plants using four fertilizer types (A-D) across two months. Overall, Fertilizer B yielded the tallest plants by week 8, whereas Fertilizer D consistently underperformed...
Initially, all groups showed similar heights near 10 cm. However, Fertilizer B plants surged ahead after week 3, reaching 45 cm by the end. In contrast, Fertilizer D plants plateaued at 20 cm from week 5 onward..."
个人观点
生物生长图作文的核心在于精准与逻辑,考生需像科学家一样观察数据,用清晰的语言还原实验过程,多练习描述动态变化,积累专业词汇,写作时自然水到渠成。