在雅思写作考试中,表格类作文（Table）是数据类图表的一种常见题型，考生需要准确描述表格中的关键信息，并进行适当的比较和分析，本文将提供一篇高分例文，并解析其写作思路，帮助考生掌握表格类作文的写作技巧。
示例
The table below shows the percentage of household income spent on different categories in five European countries in 2020.
| Category | Germany | France | Italy | Spain | UK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Housing | 25% | 30% | 35% | 40% | 28% |
| Food | 15% | 18% | 22% | 20% | 16% |
| Transportation | 10% | 12% | 8% | 9% | 14% |
| Leisure | 8% | 7% | 5% | 6% | 10% |
| Healthcare | 12% | 10% | 9% | 8% | 11% |
高分例文
The table illustrates the proportion of household income allocated to five different expenditure categories across Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the UK in 2020.
Overall, housing was the largest expense in all five countries, while leisure activities accounted for the smallest share. There were notable variations in spending patterns among the nations, with Spain and Italy generally allocating higher percentages to housing and food compared to Germany, France, and the UK.
In terms of housing, Spain had the highest expenditure at 40%, followed by Italy (35%) and France (30%). Germany and the UK spent relatively less, at 25% and 28%, respectively. Similarly, food expenses were highest in Italy (22%) and Spain (20%), whereas Germany (15%) and the UK (16%) recorded lower figures. France occupied a middle position with 18% of income spent on food.
Transportation costs varied significantly. The UK had the highest proportion at 14%, while Italy and Spain spent the least (8% and 9%). Germany and France fell in between, with 10% and 12% respectively. Leisure spending was generally low across all countries, with the UK leading at 10%, followed by Germany (8%). France, Spain, and Italy spent less than 7% on leisure activities.
Healthcare expenditure showed a different trend. Germany allocated the highest proportion (12%), while Spain spent the least (8%). The UK and France were close, at 11% and 10%, with Italy slightly lower at 9%.
These differences may reflect varying economic conditions, cultural priorities, and government policies across the five nations.
写作思路解析
-
开头段（Introduction）
- 简要说明表格内容,包括数据来源和时间。
- 避免直接复制题目,适当改写。
段（Overview）** - 概括主要趋势,不涉及具体数据。
- 指出最显著的特征,如最高和最低的支出类别。
-
主体段（Body Paragraphs）
- 按类别或国家分组描述数据,避免杂乱无章。
- 使用比较级和最高级（highest, lowest, more than, less than）突出差异。
- 适当分析可能的原因,但不要过度推测。
-
语言技巧
- 使用多样化的表达方式,如：
- "accounted for" 替代 "was"
- "allocated to" 替代 "spent on"
- "notable variations" 替代 "big differences"
- 确保数据描述准确,避免错误。
- 使用多样化的表达方式,如：
常见错误及改进
-
数据描述不准确
- 错误：Germany spent more on healthcare than France.
- 正确：Germany allocated 12% of income to healthcare, compared to France’s 10%.
-
缺乏比较
- 错误：Italy spent 35% on housing.
- 改进：Italy’s housing expenditure (35%) was higher than Germany’s (25%) but lower than Spain’s (40%).
-
过度使用简单句
- 单调：The UK spent 14% on transport. Spain spent 9%.
- 优化：While the UK allocated 14% of income to transport, Spain spent only 9%.
高分词汇与句型
-
描述比例
- account for, constitute, represent, make up
- The proportion of... was...
-
比较与对比
- In contrast, By comparison, Similarly
- ...was significantly higher/lower than...
-
趋势表达
- The most notable difference was...
- A clear pattern emerged in...
练习建议
-
多分析真题表格
- 练习从不同角度（按行、按列）描述数据。
- 培养快速识别关键信息的能力。
-
限时写作
20分钟内完成一篇表格作文,提升应试速度。
-
对照范文修改
写完后再参考高分范文,优化表达方式。
表格类雅思作文的关键在于清晰、准确地呈现数据，并合理组织信息，通过掌握比较分析技巧和多样化表达，考生可以在考试中取得理想成绩。
