雅思写作考试中,流程类作文(Process Diagram)是Task 1的常见题型之一,这类题目要求考生描述某个生产流程、自然现象或人工操作的步骤,许多考生觉得这类题目较难,因为需要准确使用动词、连接词,并保持逻辑清晰,本文将通过一篇高分范文,详细解析如何写好流程类作文,并提供实用技巧。
流程类作文的写作要点
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准确理解图表信息
流程类题目通常以流程图(Flow Chart)或循环图(Cycle Diagram)呈现,考生需先明确流程的起点和终点,并梳理中间步骤。 -
使用恰当的动词和连接词
描述步骤时,需灵活运用被动语态(如“is produced”“are collected”)和表示顺序的衔接词(如“firstly”“subsequently”“finally”)。 -
避免机械罗列步骤
不要简单逐条翻译图表信息,而应适当合并同类步骤,并补充必要的细节,使描述更流畅。
高分范文示例
** The diagram below shows how electricity is generated in a hydroelectric power station. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
范文:
The diagram illustrates the process of electricity generation in a hydroelectric power station, which operates in two modes: daytime and nighttime.
During the day, water from a river is stored in a high-level reservoir. When electricity is needed, the intake gate opens, allowing water to flow downhill through a long pipe called the penstock. The force of the moving water drives the turbine blades, which are connected to a generator. As the turbine rotates, the generator produces electricity, which is then transmitted to the national grid via power lines. Meanwhile, the used water is discharged into a low-level reservoir.
At night, the process reverses. Excess electricity from the grid powers the generator, which now functions as a motor to spin the turbine in the opposite direction. This action pumps water from the low-level reservoir back to the high-level reservoir, storing potential energy for the next day’s cycle.
The entire system relies on the reversible turbine-generator unit, ensuring efficient energy storage and continuous power supply. Notably, the daytime mode generates electricity, while the nighttime mode consumes it to prepare for the following day.
范文解析
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清晰的结构
- 首段点明流程的核心特点(昼夜两种模式)。
- 第二、三段分别描述白天发电和夜间储水的步骤。
- 末段总结关键机制,并对比两种模式的区别。
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精准的词汇和语法
- 动词选用准确(如“drives”“discharged”“reverses”)。
- 被动语态突出客观性(如“is stored”“are connected”)。
- 衔接词自然(如“meanwhile”“notably”)。
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逻辑连贯
通过对比昼夜模式,展现流程的循环特性,避免单调列举。
写作技巧提升
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练习拆分复杂流程
遇到多步骤流程图时,可将其分为几个阶段,每段描述2-3个关联步骤,工业制程可分为“原料处理—加工—成品”三部分。 -
积累专业表达
不同主题需掌握特定词汇,如:- 水利工程:reservoir, turbine, generator
- 制造业:raw materials, assembly line, packaging
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模拟真题训练
推荐练习题目:- 咖啡豆加工流程
- 雨水收集系统
- 塑料瓶回收过程
常见错误规避
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时态混乱
流程描述通常用一般现在时,除非图表注明历史数据。 -
遗漏关键步骤
如范文中的“可逆涡轮机”是核心设备,必须提及。 -
过度主观评论
Task 1只需客观描述,无需分析优劣或提出建议。
流程类作文的高分关键在于细节把控和逻辑呈现,通过分析范文结构、积累专业词汇,并结合针对性练习,考生可以显著提升这类题目的得分。
个人观点:雅思写作的本质是考察信息整合与语言驾驭能力,流程题虽看似枯燥,但恰能体现考生的逻辑思维,掌握方法后,这类题目反而比数据图表更容易拿高分。