雅思写作考试中,小作文（Task 1）通常要求考生描述图表、流程图或地图等数据信息，许多考生在开头部分容易直接照搬题目中的句子，导致语言重复、缺乏变化，影响分数，引言改写（Paraphrasing）是提升小作文得分的关键技巧之一，既能展现语言能力，又能避免重复，本文将详细介绍如何高效改写雅思小作文引言，并提供实用技巧与范例。

为什么引言改写如此重要？

雅思写作评分标准中,词汇多样性（Lexical Resource）和语法多样性（Grammatical Range and Accuracy）占据重要地位，如果考生直接复制题目内容，考官会认为语言运用能力有限，从而影响分数，改写引言不仅能展示词汇和语法的灵活性，还能让文章开头更自然流畅。

引言改写能帮助考生快速进入写作状态,通过重新组织句子结构、替换关键词，考生可以更清晰地理解题目要求，避免后续写作偏离主题。

引言改写的核心方法

同义词替换

最直接的改写方式是使用同义词或近义词替换题目中的关键词。

• 原句：The graph below shows the percentage of people using different modes of transportation in a European city from 1960 to 2020.
• 改写：The line graph illustrates the proportion of individuals utilizing various transport methods in a European urban area over six decades (1960-2020).

替换词汇示例：

• shows → illustrates, depicts, demonstrates
• percentage → proportion, rate, share
• people → individuals, residents, citizens
• using → utilizing, employing
• different → various, diverse
• modes of transportation → transport methods, means of transport

改变句子结构

除了替换词汇,调整句子结构也能有效避免重复，常见方法包括：

• 主动变被动：

  • 原句：The table compares the average income of men and women in five countries.
  • 改写：The average earnings of males and females in five nations are compared in the table.

• 使用名词化表达：

  • 原句：The chart shows how much money was spent on healthcare in three years.
  • 改写：The bar chart presents healthcare expenditure over a three-year period.

• 合并或拆分信息：

  • 原句：The diagram explains the process of making chocolate.
  • 改写：Chocolate production is depicted in the diagram, which outlines the key stages involved.

增加或调整细节

提供的信息较为简略,可以适当补充时间、地点或数据范围，使引言更完整。

• 原句：The map shows changes in a town center between 1995 and 2015.
• 改写：The two maps provide a comparison of the town center’s layout in 1995 and its transformation two decades later.

常见图表类型的引言改写范例

线图（Line Graph）

• 原句：The graph shows the number of tourists visiting a museum from 2000 to 2020.
• 改写：The line graph depicts visitor numbers to a museum over a 20-year period, starting in 2000.

柱状图（Bar Chart）

• 原句：The chart compares the average working hours in four countries.
• 改写：A comparison of weekly working hours across four nations is presented in the bar chart.

饼图（Pie Chart）

• 原句：The pie charts show the proportion of energy produced from different sources in two years.
• 改写：Energy production sources are illustrated in the pie charts, with data from two distinct years.

表格（Table）

• 原句：The table gives information about the population growth in three cities.
• 改写：Population trends in three urban areas are detailed in the provided table.

流程图（Process Diagram）

• 原句：The diagram explains how coffee is produced.
• 改写：The process of coffee production, from harvesting to packaging, is illustrated in the diagram.

地图（Map）

• 原句：The maps show the development of a village between 1980 and 2020.
• 改写：Changes in the village’s infrastructure and land use over four decades are depicted in the two maps.

避免常见错误

尽管引言改写能提升分数,但考生仍需注意以下问题：

1. 过度改写导致语义偏差：

   • 错误示例：The graph shows the number of cars sold. → The picture counts the automobiles purchased.
   • 问题：“picture”不适用于数据图表，“counts”和“purchased”也偏离原意。

2. 遗漏关键信息：

   • 错误示例：The chart shows data about employment.
   • 问题：未说明具体比较对象或时间范围。

3. 语法错误：

   • 错误示例：The graph show the changes.
   • 问题：主谓不一致（graph为单数，应使用shows）。

实战练习与参考答案

练习1：改写以下句子

• 原句：The bar chart compares the sales of three products in 2023.
• 改写：Sales figures for three different items in the year 2023 are compared in the bar chart.

练习2：改写以下句子

• 原句：The diagram describes the stages of recycling plastic bottles.
• 改写：The recycling process for plastic bottles is outlined in the diagram, highlighting each step.

个人观点

雅思小作文的引言改写并非单纯的语言游戏,而是展示考生语言运用能力的重要机会，通过灵活运用同义词、调整句式结构，考生可以在开头部分就赢得考官的好感，建议平时多积累高频词汇的替换表达，并在练习中反复尝试不同改写方式，最终目标是让改写后的句子既自然流畅，又准确传达题目信息。