介词是英语语法中不可或缺的一部分,用于连接名词、代词或短语与其他句子成分,表达时间、地点、方向、方式等关系,掌握常用介词的用法,能帮助学生更准确地表达意思,提升英语写作和口语能力,本文将系统梳理初中阶段常见的英语介词,并结合例句详细讲解其用法。
表示时间的介词
-
at
- 用于具体的时间点。
- We have lunch at 12:00.
- The movie starts at 7:30 PM.
- 用于具体的时间点。
-
on
- 用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上。
- My birthday is on June 10th.
- We have a meeting on Monday morning.
- 用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上。
-
in
- 用于较长的时间段,如月份、季节、年份。
- She was born in 2008.
- Flowers bloom in spring.
- 用于较长的时间段,如月份、季节、年份。
-
for
- 表示持续的时间长度。
- He has studied English for three years.
- We waited for an hour.
- 表示持续的时间长度。
-
since
- 表示从过去某一时间点开始,持续到现在。
- She has lived here since 2015.
- I haven’t seen him since last week.
- 表示从过去某一时间点开始,持续到现在。
表示地点的介词
-
at
- 用于具体的地点或较小的场所。
- She is at the bus stop.
- Let’s meet at the school gate.
- 用于具体的地点或较小的场所。
-
in
- 用于较大的范围或封闭的空间。
- He lives in Beijing.
- The book is in the bag.
- 用于较大的范围或封闭的空间。
-
on
- 表示在表面或线上。
- The pen is on the desk.
- There is a picture on the wall.
- 表示在表面或线上。
-
under
- 表示在下方。
- The cat is under the table.
- The keys are under the newspaper.
- 表示在下方。
-
between
- 用于两者之间。
- The park is between the bank and the supermarket.
- She is sitting between Tom and Lily.
- 用于两者之间。
-
among
- 用于三者或以上之间。
- He is the tallest among his classmates.
- The book is hidden among the magazines.
- 用于三者或以上之间。
表示方向的介词
-
to
- 表示朝向某个方向或目的地。
- She goes to school by bike.
- They are traveling to London next week.
- 表示朝向某个方向或目的地。
-
into
- 表示进入某个空间。
- He jumped into the pool.
- She walked into the room quietly.
- 表示进入某个空间。
-
out of
- 表示从某处出来。
- The cat ran out of the house.
- He took a book out of his bag.
- 表示从某处出来。
-
across
- 表示横穿或穿过。
- They walked across the street.
- There is a bridge across the river.
- 表示横穿或穿过。
-
through
- 表示穿过内部或空间。
- The train goes through the tunnel.
- She looked through the window.
- 表示穿过内部或空间。
表示方式的介词
-
by
- 表示通过某种方式或交通工具。
- I go to work by bus.
- She learned English by watching movies.
- 表示通过某种方式或交通工具。
-
with
- 表示使用工具或伴随状态。
- He cut the paper with scissors.
- She went to the party with her friends.
- 表示使用工具或伴随状态。
-
in
- 表示用某种语言或材料。
- Please write in English.
- The statue is made in marble.
- 表示用某种语言或材料。
其他常见介词
-
of
- 表示所属或材料。
- The cover of the book is red.
- This cup is made of glass.
- 表示所属或材料。
-
about
- 表示关于或大约。
- We are talking about the new movie.
- There are about 50 students in the class.
- 表示关于或大约。
-
for
- 表示目的或对象。
- This gift is for you.
- She bought a cake for her mother’s birthday.
- 表示目的或对象。
-
from
- 表示来源或起点。
- I received a letter from my friend.
- The train leaves from Platform 3.
- 表示来源或起点。
易混淆介词辨析
-
in / on / at(时间)
- in 用于较长的时间段(年、月、季节)。
- on 用于具体的某一天或日期。
- at 用于具体的时间点。
-
in / on / at(地点)
- in 用于较大的范围或封闭空间。
- on 用于表面或线上。
- at 用于具体的小地点。
-
between / among
- between 用于两者之间。
- among 用于三者或以上之间。
介词短语搭配
许多动词、形容词和名词需要固定搭配介词,
- listen to(听)
- afraid of(害怕)
- interested in(感兴趣)
- good at(擅长)
掌握这些固定搭配能避免语法错误,使表达更地道。
介词虽小,但在英语表达中至关重要,通过系统学习和大量练习,学生可以逐步掌握介词的用法,提高英语水平。