雅思写作一直是考生备考的重点和难点,尤其是大作文部分，不仅考察语言能力，更检验逻辑思维和观点表达，2019年的雅思大作文题目涵盖教育、科技、社会、文化等多个领域，对考生的知识储备和批判性思维提出更高要求，本文将系统分析2019年雅思大作文的命题趋势，提供高分写作框架，并结合具体题目示范如何构建有说服力的论证。
2019年雅思大作文命题特点
从全年考试数据来看,2019年雅思大作文题目呈现三个显著特征：
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社会类话题占比上升
超过40%的题目涉及城市化、老龄化、贫富差距等现实问题。
"Some people think that governments should spend money on measures to save languages with few speakers from dying out completely. Others believe this is a waste of financial resources. Discuss both views and give your opinion." 要求考生平衡文化保护与资源分配的辩证关系。 -
科技与伦理结合
人工智能、大数据等新兴技术带来的伦理争议成为高频考点，典型题目如：
"The use of mobile phones in public places is as antisocial as smoking. To what extent do you agree or disagree?"
考生需从社会行为规范角度分析科技产品的双面性。 -
教育方式革新
传统教育与现代教育模式的对比多次出现。
"Some people believe that children should study practical skills like cooking and car maintenance at school, while others think schools should focus on academic subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion." 检验考生对教育本质的理解深度。
高分作文结构解析
雅思官方评分标准强调"Task Response"和"Coherence & Cohesion"，以7分以上范文为样本，优秀作文普遍采用以下结构：
引言段（Introduction）
- 背景句：用1-2句概括社会现状，避免模板化表达。
- 观点句：明确回应题目要求，展示立场。
范例（2019年5月真题）：
"With the proliferation of smart devices, debates about their social impact intensify. While some equate mobile phone use in public with smoking, this comparison overlooks fundamental differences in health consequences and social norms."
主体段（Body Paragraphs）
每段遵循"PEEL"原则：
- Point：明确的分论点
- Explanation：理论解释
- Example：具体例证（优先使用国际知名案例）
- Link：回扣主题
示范段落（科技类题目）：
"Artificial intelligence poses unprecedented ethical challenges. The algorithmic bias in facial recognition systems, as reported by MIT Media Lab in 2019, demonstrated how AI could perpetuate racial discrimination. This evidences the urgent need for regulatory frameworks to ensure technological developments align with human rights principles."
结论段（Conclusion）
- 重申核心立场
- 提出前瞻性思考
范例结尾：
"Preserving endangered languages requires strategic investment rather than blanket funding. By digitizing linguistic resources and integrating them into education systems, governments can achieve cultural conservation without compromising fiscal responsibility."
常见误区与提升建议
误区1：观点绝对化
雅思写作忌讳非黑即白的表述,针对"Should governments fund arts programs?"这类题目，高分作文会承认："While arts funding may strain budgets in developing nations, its long-term benefits for creative industries justify selective investment."
误区2：例证空洞
避免泛泛而谈"some studies show"，应引用具体数据或权威报告，如："According to UNESCO's 2019 Global Education Monitoring Report, students exposed to arts education show 17% higher critical thinking scores."
误区3：词汇重复
同一语义场词汇需多样化,表达"重要"时，交替使用crucial, pivotal, paramount等词汇；描述"增长"可选用surge, escalate, proliferate等。
2019年经典题目实战分析
以11月16日真题为例：
"Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others believe there are better alternative methods. Discuss both views and give your opinion."
高分范文框架：
- 引言：全球犯罪率变化引出刑罚有效性争议
- 支持长刑期：威慑理论（deterrence theory）+ 新加坡低犯罪率实例
- 替代方案：挪威康复式监狱（rehabilitation model）+ 再犯罪率下降23%数据
- 综合立场：主张分级惩教体系（tiered correctional system）
语言亮点：
- 刑事司法术语：recidivism rates, restorative justice, mandatory minimums
- 对比衔接词：Whereas, Conversely, By contrast
- 条件句使用：Provided that rehabilitation programs are properly implemented...
备考资源推荐
- 官方材料：剑桥雅思13-15真题集（含2019年考题）
- 数据平台：Our World in Data, World Bank Open Data
- 思维训练：Critical Thinking Skills: Developing Effective Analysis and Argument（Stella Cottrell）
雅思写作的本质是展示思考质量而非词汇堆砌,考生应当建立自己的观点库，例如针对环境类话题准备"polluter pays principle"、"circular economy"等概念，每周精析2-3篇《经济学人》社论，观察其如何用数据支撑观点，比机械背诵模板更有效。
写作能力的提升需要持续反馈,建议每完成3篇作文后，对照评分标准进行自评或寻求专业批改，重点检查：论点是否切题、例证是否相关、衔接是否自然，真正的写作高手，往往能在250个单词中展现思想的深度与广度。
