雅思写作考试中,小作文（Task 1）要求考生在20分钟内完成一篇至少150词的图表描述，虽然字数不多，但想要拿高分，必须掌握精准的句型结构，本文将系统梳理雅思小作文的核心句型，帮助考生提升表达的多样性和准确性。
开头段句型
小作文的开头段需要改写题目,并简要概括图表的主要内容，避免直接照抄题目，而是用不同的表达方式呈现。
- The graph/chart/table/diagram illustrates/shows/depicts/describes...
- The bar chart illustrates the changes in energy consumption between 1990 and 2020.
- The data provided gives information about...
- The data provided gives information about the proportion of internet users in different age groups.
- It is clear from the graph that...
- It is clear from the graph that the number of tourists increased steadily over the decade.
避免重复使用同一种句型，可以交替使用被动语态或倒装结构：
- Presented in the chart is...
- Presented in the chart is the comparison of male and female employment rates.
趋势描述句型
图表作文的核心是描述数据的变化趋势,因此掌握趋势词汇和句型至关重要。
上升趋势
- increase/rise/grow/climb/go up
- The sales figures increased significantly from 2000 to 2010.
- There was a sharp/steady/moderate rise in...
- There was a sharp rise in the demand for electric vehicles.
- ...experienced an upward trend
- The stock market experienced an upward trend during the first quarter.
下降趋势
- decrease/fall/drop/decline/go down
- The unemployment rate dropped slightly in 2022.
- There was a noticeable/gradual decline in...
- There was a noticeable decline in traditional TV viewership.
- ...saw a downward trend
- The company’s profits saw a downward trend after the economic crisis.
波动趋势
- fluctuate/vary/oscillate
- Oil prices fluctuated throughout the year.
- There were considerable fluctuations in...
- There were considerable fluctuations in temperature during the month.
稳定趋势
- remain stable/steady/unchanged
- The inflation rate remained stable for three consecutive years.
- ...stayed constant at...
- The percentage of female graduates stayed constant at 55%.
数据比较句型
在对比数据时,需要使用比较级、最高级以及表示差异的词汇。
比较级
- higher/lower/more/less than...
- The number of male students was higher than that of female students.
- ...compared to...
- Urban areas had a higher crime rate compared to rural regions.
最高级
- the highest/the lowest/the most/the least...
- Japan had the highest life expectancy among all countries surveyed.
- ...ranked first/last...
- The UK ranked first in terms of renewable energy usage.
倍数表达
- twice/three times as much/many as...
- The production of smartphones was twice as much as that of laptops.
- ...accounted for X% of the total...
- Online shopping accounted for 30% of total retail sales.
衔接句型
良好的衔接能让文章逻辑更清晰,避免机械式列举数据。
时间顺序
- Over the period from...to...
- Over the period from 1990 to 2020, the population grew rapidly.
- By the year..., ...had reached...
- By the year 2015, the figure had reached its peak.
转折对比
- However/In contrast/On the other hand...
- The number of cars sold increased; however, motorcycle sales declined.
- Despite..., ...still...
- Despite the economic downturn, consumer spending still rose slightly.
递进补充
- Moreover/Furthermore/Additionally...
- The use of solar energy increased. Furthermore, wind power also saw growth.
- Not only..., but also...
- Not only did exports rise, but imports also surged.
结尾段句型
结尾段不需要总结所有数据,而是可以概括主要趋势或提出一个合理的推断。
- Overall, it is evident that...
- Overall, it is evident that technology adoption has accelerated in recent years.
- In general, the data suggests that...
- In general, the data suggests a shift towards sustainable energy sources.
- The most striking feature is...
- The most striking feature is the dramatic increase in online education.
个人观点
雅思小作文的高分关键在于句型多样性和数据精准性，考生应避免重复使用相同表达，灵活运用趋势词汇、比较结构和衔接词，确保数据描述准确，避免主观臆测，多练习不同图表类型，熟悉核心句型，才能在考试中游刃有余。
