雅思考试中,流程图(Process Diagram)是Task 1的一种常见题型,许多考生在面对这类题目时会感到无从下手,只要掌握正确的写作方法,流程图并不难写,本文将详细解析雅思流程图写作的核心技巧,帮助考生高效备考。
流程图的基本特点
流程图主要描述某个过程或步骤,如工业生产、自然现象、生物循环等,与线图、柱状图不同,流程图更注重逻辑顺序而非数据对比,常见的流程图类型包括:
- 线性流程:如“咖啡豆的制作过程”
- 循环流程:如“水的循环”
- 多分支流程:如“不同能源的发电方式”
写作结构解析
一篇高分的流程图作文通常包含四个部分:引言、概述、主体段落和衔接。
引言(Introduction)
引言部分需改写题目,避免直接照抄。
The diagram below shows how coffee is produced.
改写:The illustration outlines the key stages involved in the production of coffee, from harvesting to packaging.
概述(Overview)
是流程图的核心,需在2-3句话内概括整个过程的主要特点,
- 流程的起点和终点
- 关键步骤的数量
- 是否有循环或重复阶段
Overall, the coffee production process consists of eight main stages, beginning with the collection of beans and ending with their distribution to retail outlets.
主体段落(Body Paragraphs)
主体段落需按顺序描述流程,通常分为两段:
- 第一段:描述前半部分流程(如原材料处理)
- 第二段:描述后半部分流程(如成品加工)
写作时注意:
- 使用被动语态(如“The beans are dried”)
- 加入衔接词(如“Subsequently”“Finally”)
- 避免重复词汇,多用同义词替换
衔接(Cohesion)
流程图写作需清晰展现步骤间的逻辑关系,常用衔接词包括:
- 顺序词:First, Next, After that
- 因果词:As a result, Due to
- 对比词:Meanwhile, In contrast
高分技巧
合理分组信息
若流程步骤过多(如超过10步),可将相关步骤合并描述。
“During the initial phase, the coffee beans are picked, sorted, and washed in succession.”
使用多样化表达
避免重复使用“The diagram shows”,可替换为:
- The process begins with…
- This is followed by…
- The final step involves…
控制字数与时间
流程图作文建议字数在150-180词之间,用时不超过20分钟。
常见错误
- 遗漏关键步骤:如未提及“发酵”在咖啡生产中的作用
- 时态混乱:流程图通常用一般现在时
- 过度细节:无需描述每一步的微观操作
实战范例
以下是一篇关于“蜂蜜生产”的流程图范文:
The diagram illustrates the natural process by which bees produce honey.
Overall, there are seven distinct stages in honey production, starting with the construction of a hive and culminating in the harvesting of the final product.
Initially, bees build a hive consisting of multiple hexagonal cells. Once the structure is complete, they leave the hive to collect nectar from flowers. After gathering sufficient nectar, the bees return to the hive and deposit the liquid into the cells. At this point, the nectar is still watery.
The next phase involves evaporation. Bees fan their wings to circulate air, which reduces the moisture content of the nectar. Over time, the thickened substance transforms into honey. Finally, farmers extract the honey by removing the caps of the cells and using a specialized machine to drain the contents.
个人观点
流程图写作的核心在于逻辑清晰与语言简洁,考生应多练习不同主题的流程描述,积累常用动词(如“extract”“convert”)和衔接词,通过反复修改和对比范文,写作能力会显著提升。