雅思写作Task 1（小作文）是许多考生容易忽视的部分，但它的分数占比与Task 2相同，因此掌握高分写作技巧至关重要，本文以《剑桥雅思13》中的小作文真题为例，深入解析高分范文的写作逻辑、词汇运用及句型结构，帮助考生提升写作水平。

图表类型与写作框架

雅思小作文主要包含以下几种图表类型：

1. 线形图（Line Graph）：展示数据随时间的变化趋势。
2. 柱状图（Bar Chart）：比较不同类别的数据。
3. 饼图（Pie Chart）：显示比例分布。
4. 表格（Table）：呈现具体数值对比。
5. 流程图（Process Diagram）：描述步骤或阶段。
6. 地图（Map）：比较地理位置变化。

无论哪种图表，写作结构都应遵循以下框架：

• 引言段（Introduction）：改写题目，说明图表主要内容。 段（Overview）**：总结主要趋势或关键特征。
• 细节段（Details）：分两段具体描述数据或流程。

剑桥13 Test 1 线形图范文分析

The graph below shows the number of overseas visitors to three different areas in a European country between 1987 and 2007.

高分范文：
The line graph illustrates how many foreign tourists visited the coast, mountains, and lakes in a particular European nation over a 20-year period from 1987 to 2007.

Overall, the coastal region was the most popular destination throughout the period, despite some fluctuations. Meanwhile, the lakes and mountains experienced steady growth in visitor numbers, though they remained less frequented than the coast.

In 1987, the coast attracted around 40,000 visitors, significantly more than the lakes (approximately 10,000) and mountains (just under 20,000). Over the next decade, coastal visits fluctuated, peaking at nearly 75,000 in 1997 before dropping sharply to about 50,000 in 2002. By contrast, mountain and lake tourism grew steadily, with the former reaching 35,000 and the latter 25,000 by 2002.

In the final five years, coastal visitor numbers recovered to around 70,000, while mountain tourism surged to 50,000. The lakes also saw a rise, though less dramatic, finishing at 35,000 in 2007.

解析：

1. 引言段：改写题目，避免直接复制，使用同义替换（如“shows”改为“illustrates”）。 段**：明确点出三个关键信息——海岸最受欢迎、数据波动、其他地区稳定增长。
2. 细节段：按时间顺序分段描述，突出对比（如“peaking at...before dropping sharply”）。

剑桥13 Test 2 柱状图范文分析

The chart below shows the percentage of households in owned and rented accommodation in England and Wales between 1918 and 2011.

高分范文：
The bar chart compares the proportions of English and Welsh households living in owned versus rented housing over a century from 1918 to 2011.

Broadly speaking, home ownership increased dramatically, while renting declined correspondingly. By 2011, owning a home had become the dominant housing arrangement.

In 1918, only 23% of households owned their homes, whereas 77% rented. Over the next 50 years, ownership rose gradually to 42% by 1961. However, the most significant change occurred between 1971 and 2001, when ownership skyrocketed from 50% to 69%. During the same period, renting dropped from 50% to 31%.

The final decade saw a slight reversal: ownership dipped to 64% by 2011, while renting increased marginally to 36%.

解析：

1. 数据对比：使用“whereas”“while”等连接词突出对比。
2. 趋势描述：精准选用动词（如“skyrocketed”“dipped”）增强表现力。
3. 时间分段：按阶段描述变化，避免杂乱。

1. 词汇多样性：

   • 上升：increase, rise, grow, surge, climb
   • 下降：decrease, decline, drop, fall, dip
   • 波动：fluctuate, vary, experience changes

2. 句型灵活运用：

   • 并列结构：
     “Ownership rose to 50%, while renting fell to 30%.”
   • 分词短语：
     “Peaking at 70,000 in 1997, the number then declined sharply.”

3. 数据引用：

   • 精确数据：
     “from 50% to 69%”
   • 约数表达：
     “approximately 10,000”“just under 20,000”

4. 避免常见错误：

   

   • 不要添加个人观点（如“This is good because...”）。
   • 不要遗漏概述段（Overview）。
   • 不要机械罗列数据，需分析趋势。

流程图与地图题备考建议

1. 流程图：

   • 使用被动语态（如“The material is heated to 100°C”）。
   • 按步骤分段，加入衔接词（First, Next, Finally）。

2. 地图题：

   • 方位描述（north of, adjacent to）。
   • 变化对比（removed, expanded, replaced）。

通过分析《剑桥雅思13》的高分范文，考生可以掌握小作文的核心写作逻辑，多练习真题，积累词汇和句型,写作能力自然会稳步提升。