雅思写作Task 1是许多考生备考的重点，剑桥雅思真题系列作为官方权威资料，其范文具有极高的参考价值，本文以《剑桥雅思13》中的小作文题目为例，提供高分范文及详细解析，帮助考生掌握数据类图表的写作技巧。
回顾
《剑桥雅思13》Test 1的小作文题目如下：
The chart below shows the percentage of households in owned and rented accommodation in England and Wales between 1918 and 2011.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
给出了一幅柱状图，展示1918年至2011年英格兰和威尔士自住房与租房家庭的比例变化。
高分范文
The bar chart illustrates the proportion of households living in owned and rented accommodation in England and Wales over a 93-year period, from 1918 to 2011.
Overall, the percentage of households owning their homes increased significantly, while the proportion of rented accommodation declined correspondingly. By the end of the period, home ownership had become the dominant housing type.
In 1918, rented accommodation accounted for the vast majority, with approximately 78% of households living in rented properties. In contrast, only around 22% owned their homes. However, the following decades saw a steady rise in home ownership. By 1961, the figures were almost equal, with 42% of households owning their homes and 58% renting.
The most dramatic change occurred between 1961 and 1981, when the percentage of home ownership surged from 42% to 60%, surpassing rented accommodation for the first time. This upward trend continued, peaking at 69% in 2001. Meanwhile, rented housing dropped to 31% in the same year.
Although home ownership dipped slightly to 64% in 2011, it remained the preferred choice for most households. Rented accommodation, on the other hand, experienced a minor recovery, rising to 36%.
写作技巧分析
结构清晰，逻辑连贯
范文采用经典的四段式结构：
- 引言段：改写题目，说明图表主题和时间范围。 段：总结核心趋势，不涉及具体数据。
- 主体段1：描述早期数据及变化。
- 主体段2：分析后期关键变化及对比。
这种结构确保信息层次分明，符合雅思写作评分标准中的“连贯与衔接”要求。
数据选取与对比
- 重点描述转折点（如1961年数据接近、1981年自住房反超）。
- 使用对比词汇（“in contrast”“surpassing”“on the other hand”）突出变化。
- 避免罗列所有数据，仅选择代表性年份。
语言多样性
- 动词变化：“accounted for”“surged”“peaked”“dipped”等替换“increase/decrease”。
- 句式灵活：主动句与被动句结合（“the following decades saw…”）。
- 精准表达比例：“approximately 78%”“a minor recovery to 36%”。
常见错误与改进建议
-
机械罗列数据
低分范文可能逐一年份描述，缺乏重点，改进方法是提炼趋势，如：“The period from 1961 to 1981 witnessed the most significant shift…”
-
忽略对比
未比较自住房与租房的关系，应加入类似“This rise coincided with a decline in rented properties”的句子。 -
时态错误
描述过去数据需用一般过去时（“accounted for”），预测或总结现状可用现在完成时（“has become the dominant type”）。
备考策略
-
多分析官方范文
《剑桥雅思》系列范文由考官编写，其数据筛选、段落划分和语言风格值得模仿。 -
限时练习
建议20分钟内完成Task 1，5分钟检查语法与数据准确性。 -
积累表达
分类整理描述趋势、对比、比例的词汇（如“plateau”“fluctuate”“threefold”）。
雅思小作文的核心是精准传达信息而非文采，通过分析《剑桥雅思13》的题目与范文，考生可以掌握数据描述的要点，避免常见失误，坚持针对性练习,写作分数提升并非难事。
