马是人类最早驯化的动物之一，在英语中与马相关的词汇非常丰富，掌握这些单词不仅能提升英语水平，还能帮助理解西方文化中马的地位，以下分类整理了常见马相关英语单词及音标拼写，并附上实用例句。
基础马匹词汇
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Horse /hɔːrs/ - 马（泛指）
例句：The farmer keeps five horses in his stable. -
Mare /meər/ - 母马
例句：The mare gave birth to a healthy foal last night. -
Stallion /ˈstæliən/ - 公马（未阉割）
例句：This Arabian stallion won three championships. -
Gelding /ˈɡeldɪŋ/ - 阉割过的公马
例句：Geldings are often calmer than stallions. -
Foal /foʊl/ - 马驹（1岁以下）
例句：The foal stayed close to its mother. -
Colt /koʊlt/ - 小公马（4岁以下）
例句：The young colt was full of energy. -
Filly /ˈfɪli/ - 小母马（4岁以下）
例句：This filly shows great potential for racing.
马匹身体部位
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Mane /meɪn/ - 鬃毛
例句：She braided the horse's black mane. -
Hoof /huːf/ - 蹄（复数hooves /huːvz/）
例句：The farrier trimmed the horse's hooves. -
Withers /ˈwɪðərz/ - 马肩隆
例句：Horse height is measured at the withers. -
Fetlock /ˈfetlɑːk/ - 球节
例句：The vet bandaged the swollen fetlock. -
Croup /kruːp/ - 臀部
例句：The horse had distinctive white markings on its croup.
马具与装备
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Saddle /ˈsædl/ - 马鞍
例句：He adjusted the saddle before mounting. -
Bridle /ˈbraɪdl/ - 笼头
例句：The silver decorations on the bridle shone brightly. -
Bit /bɪt/ - 马嚼子
例句：Choose a bit that suits your horse's mouth. -
Stirrup /ˈstɜːrəp/ - 马镫
例句：Her foot slipped out of the stirrup. -
Halter /ˈhɔːltər/ - 牵马绳
例句：She led the horse with a blue nylon halter.
马术运动术语
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Trot /trɑːt/ - 快步
例句：The rider practiced sitting trot for hours. -
Canter /ˈkæntər/ - 慢跑
例句：The horse transitioned smoothly into a canter. -
Gallop /ˈɡæləp/ - 疾驰
例句：They galloped across the open field. -
Dressage /drəˈsɑːʒ/ - 盛装舞步
例句：The Olympic dressage test requires precision. -
Show jumping /ʃoʊ ˈdʒʌmpɪŋ/ - 场地障碍赛
例句：The chestnut mare excelled at show jumping.
马匹颜色与斑纹
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Bay /beɪ/ - 枣红色
例句：Most Thoroughbred racehorses are bay. -
Chestnut /ˈtʃesnʌt/ - 栗色
例句：The chestnut stallion had a flaxen mane. -
Palomino /ˌpæləˈmiːnoʊ/ - 帕洛米诺（金色）
例句：Palominos are popular in Western riding. -
Piebald /ˈpaɪbɔːld/ - 黑白花斑
例句：The piebald pony attracted many children. -
Dapple /ˈdæpl/ - 斑点
例句：The dapple gray mare moved gracefully.
马匹行为与状态
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Neigh /neɪ/ - 马嘶声
例句：The horses began to neigh at feeding time. -
Whinny /ˈwɪni/ - 轻声嘶叫
例句：The mare whinnied to her foal. -
Buck /bʌk/ - 尥蹶子
例句：The young horse tried to buck off the rider. -
Spook /spuːk/ - 受惊
例句：A plastic bag made the horse spook. -
Lame /leɪm/ - 跛行
例句：The vet examined the lame foreleg.
马厩相关词汇
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Stable /ˈsteɪbl/ - 马厩
例句：They built a new stable with twelve stalls. -
Tack room /tæk ruːm/ - 马具室
例句：All saddles were stored in the tack room. -
Hay /heɪ/ - 干草
例句：The horses munched on fresh hay. -
Oats /oʊts/ - 燕麦
例句：Racehorses often get oats for extra energy. -
Groom /ɡruːm/ - 马夫/梳理
例句：She groomed the horse before the competition.
常见马品种名称
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Thoroughbred /ˈθɜːroʊbred/ - 纯血马
例句：Thoroughbreds dominate horse racing. -
Quarter Horse /ˈkwɔːrtər hɔːrs/ - 夸特马
例句：Quarter Horses excel at short-distance sprinting. -
Arabian /əˈreɪbiən/ - 阿拉伯马
例句：The Arabian's distinctive profile is easily recognized. -
Clydesdale /ˈklaɪdzdeɪl/ - 克莱兹代尔马
例句：Clydesdales are famous for pulling brewery wagons. -
Mustang /ˈmʌstæŋ/ - 野马
例句：Mustangs roam freely in the American West.
学习这些词汇时，建议结合图片或视频记忆，效果更佳，英语中关于马的表达远比这里列举的丰富，多阅读马术杂志或观看相关影视作品能帮助积累更多专业术语，掌握正确发音很重要，可以借助在线词典听取标准发音示范。
英语中许多与马相关的短语也很有趣，hold your horses"（耐心点）、"dark horse"（黑马）等，这些短语让语言学习过程更加生动，对于马术爱好者而言,准确使用这些术语能更好地与国际同行交流。
