在雅思写作Task 1中，数据变化趋势的描述至关重要，尤其是下降趋势的表达，许多考生在描述数据下降时容易重复使用简单词汇，导致语言单调，影响分数，本文将系统梳理多种表达方式，帮助考生在图表题中灵活运用多样化语言，提升写作质量。
基础动词表达下降趋势
最直接的下降表达通常使用动词,常见的选择包括：
- decrease（下降）
例：The number of visitors decreased from 200 to 150 in 2020. - decline（减少，语气更正式）
例：Car sales declined sharply during the economic crisis. - drop（下跌，口语化较强）
例：Oil prices dropped significantly in the second quarter. - fall（下落，适用于自然趋势）
例：Temperatures fell below zero in December. - plunge（骤降，强调快速下降）
例：Stock prices plunged after the announcement.
这些动词可根据语境调整时态和形式,如过去式（decreased）、现在分词（decreasing）或被动语态（was decreased）。
名词化表达使句式更丰富
除了动词,名词化结构能让句子更简洁专业，尤其适合写趋势概述段落：
- a decrease in...
例：There was a steady decrease in crime rates between 2010 and 2020. - a decline of...
例：The chart shows a decline of 15% in energy consumption. - a drop to...
例：A sudden drop to 50 units was recorded in March. - a fall from...to...
例：The data reveals a fall from 70% to 40% in five years.
名词化表达常与介词搭配,如“in”“of”“to”，需注意准确使用。
副词与形容词增强描述精度
加入修饰词能更精准地体现下降的程度和速度：
-
程度副词
- slightly（轻微）
例：Unemployment rates decreased slightly in rural areas. - gradually（逐步）
例：Demand for coal gradually declined over the decade. - significantly（显著）
例：Online sales dropped significantly during the holiday season. - dramatically（急剧）
例：Tourist numbers fell dramatically after the earthquake.
- slightly（轻微）
-
形容词修饰名词
- sharp（急剧的）
例：The sharp decline in profits alarmed investors. - steady（稳定的）
例：A steady decrease was observed in smoking rates. - sudden（突然的）
例：The sudden drop in temperature caused crop damage.
- sharp（急剧的）
高级替换结构与复杂句型
避免重复的同时,可通过以下方式提升句式多样性：
-
使用比较级与最高级
例：The figures were lower than those of the previous year.
例：2020 saw the steepest decline in the history of the industry. -
被动语态强调变化
例：A reduction was seen in the use of plastic bags.
-
分词结构简化句子
例：Starting at 80%, the percentage decreased to 30% by 2020. -
介词短语补充细节
例：With a fall of 25%, the trend reversed in the final quarter.
避免常见错误
-
混淆“reduce”与“decrease”
“Reduce”是及物动词，需接宾语（如：The company reduced costs），而“decrease”可作不及物动词（如：Costs decreased）。 -
错误使用介词
正确：a decrease in sales（不可用“of”）；
正确：a decline of 10%（不可用“in”）。 -
过度使用“go down”
该短语过于口语化，在学术写作中建议替换为正式词汇。
实战例句与段落示范
单句示例：
- After peaking at 90%, the share of market A declined steadily, reaching 60% by 2020.
- A dramatic plunge in exports was observed following the policy change.
段落示范：
The bar chart illustrates changes in energy production between 1990 and 2010. Coal, which accounted for 60% initially, experienced a gradual decline to 40% by the end of the period. In contrast, natural gas saw a sharp drop from 30% to 10% within the first five years, followed by a slight recovery. Renewable energy, however, showed an inverse trend, with its proportion rising consistently despite minor fluctuations.
掌握这些表达方式后,考生能更自信地应对各类图表题型，在练习时，建议多分析官方范文，注意数据描述的准确性和语言多样性，真正的高分作文不在于复杂词汇的堆砌，而在于恰当、清晰的表达。
