雅思写作Task 1（小作文）是许多考生容易忽视的部分，但实际上，它同样需要清晰的逻辑和准确的表达，剑桥雅思真题12收录了多篇典型的小作文题目，涵盖线图、柱状图、表格和流程图等类型，本文将以真题12中的几篇范文为例，分析高分写作的要点，帮助考生掌握得分技巧。
数据类图表：线图与柱状图
示例（剑桥12 Test 5）*
The graph below shows the number of university graduates in Canada from 1992 to 2007. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.*
高分范文解析
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开头段：直接改写题目，避免照抄。
The line graph illustrates the changes in the number of university graduates in Canada over a 15-year period, from 1992 to 2007.
段*：概括核心趋势，不涉及细节。
Overall, the number of graduates showed a steady increase, with some fluctuations. Women consistently outnumbered men throughout the period.* -
细节段：按时间或类别分段描述，使用对比和数据支持。
In 1992, approximately 70,000 women graduated, compared to around 50,000 men. By 2007, female graduates had risen to nearly 110,000, while male graduates reached just over 80,000. The most significant growth occurred between 1998 and 2002, when both groups experienced a sharp rise.
关键技巧
- 使用准确的趋势词汇（rise steadily, fluctuate, peak at）。
- 比较数据时用while, whereas, compared to等连接词。
- 避免主观推测,只描述图表信息。
表格题：数据对比与归纳
示例（剑桥12 Test 6）*
The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.*
高分范文解析
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开头段：明确数据范围与类别。
The table compares the average distance travelled per person per year in England, using different modes of transport, in 1985 and 2000.
段*：指出整体变化与最显著趋势。
Car usage saw the most dramatic increase, while walking and cycling declined significantly. Public transport remained relatively stable.* -
细节段：分组描述，避免逐条列举。
In 1985, cars accounted for 3,199 miles per person, but by 2000, this figure had surged to 4,806 miles. Conversely, walking dropped from 255 miles to 237 miles, and cycling fell by almost half. Train travel, however, showed a slight increase from 289 to 366 miles.
关键技巧
- 优先描述变化最大的数据。
- 使用account for, represent, comprise等动词。
- 合理归类数据（如将walking和cycling归为“非机动交通”）。
流程图与地图题：逻辑清晰是关键
示例（剑桥12 Test 7）*
The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.*
高分范文解析
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开头段：说明流程图的主题。
The first diagram illustrates the cement production process, while the second demonstrates how cement is combined with other materials to make concrete. -
描述顺序：按步骤分段，使用被动语态。
Limestone and clay are crushed into a powder, which is then mixed and heated in a rotating heater. The resulting mixture is ground into cement, before being packaged in bags. -
衔接与总结：用连接词确保连贯性。
In the concrete production process, cement is mixed with water, sand, and gravel in specific proportions (15%, 10%, 25%, and 50% respectively). The mixture is then poured into a concrete mixer to form the final product.
关键技巧
- 使用first, then, after that, finally等时间标记词。
- 避免遗漏关键步骤,但不必过度描述细节。
- 地图题需明确方位变化（north of, adjacent to, replaced by）。
常见错误与改进建议
- 数据误读：确保单位（如thousands, percentages）和趋势描述准确。
- 过度描述：只需选择核心信息，而非所有数据点。
- 时态错误：过去数据用一般过去时，预测或无时间标注用一般现在时。
雅思小作文的高分关键在于客观、清晰、准确，通过分析剑桥真题范文，考生可以掌握数据筛选、趋势归纳和逻辑衔接的技巧，多练习不同题型，并对照评分标准修改，写作能力自然会提升。
