雅思写作Task 1中的线状图(Line Graph)是常见题型之一,要求考生在20分钟内完成一篇至少150词的报告,这类题目考察数据描述、趋势分析和语言表达能力,掌握正确的写作结构,不仅能提高分数,还能让文章逻辑清晰、层次分明。
引言段(Introduction)
引言段的作用是简要介绍图表内容,通常1-2句话即可,改写题目信息,避免直接照抄。
写作要点:
- 改写题目:替换同义词或调整句式。 图表主题**:时间范围、数据对象。
示例:
The line graph illustrates changes in the consumption of three types of fast food (hamburgers, pizza, and fried chicken) in the UK from 1970 to 1990.
概述段(Overview)
段是高分关键,需总结图表的主要趋势或显著特征,无需具体数据。
写作要点:
- 抓取整体趋势:上升、下降、波动或稳定。
- 突出最高/最低值或交叉点。
示例:
Overall, hamburgers showed a steady increase in popularity, while pizza consumption fluctuated. Fried chicken remained the least preferred option throughout the period.
细节段(Body Paragraphs)
细节段通常分为2段,每段描述一组相关数据或趋势。
Body Paragraph 1
- 按时间顺序描述:适用于单一对象或多个对象的早期趋势。
- 使用连接词:Initially, After that, Subsequently.
示例:
In 1970, hamburgers were the most consumed fast food, with around 300 grams per person per week. Over the next decade, this figure rose gradually, reaching 500 grams by 1980.
Body Paragraph 2
- 对比或转折:描述不同对象的差异或后期变化。
- 强调关键数据:峰值、低谷或交叉年份。
示例:
In contrast, pizza consumption started at 200 grams but experienced significant fluctuations, peaking in 1985 before declining sharply. Fried chicken, although consistently lower, saw a slight rise after 1980.
语言技巧
趋势描述词汇
- 上升:increase, rise, grow, climb
- 下降:decrease, decline, drop, fall
- 波动:fluctuate, vary, experience ups and downs
- 稳定:remain stable, level off, stay constant
数据表达方式
- 精确数据:The figure rose from 100 to 150.
- 约数表达:Approximately, roughly, just under/over.
衔接词
- 时间衔接:By 1990, During the same period
- 对比衔接:However, In comparison
常见错误避免
- 机械罗列数据:避免逐点描述,应分组对比。
- 忽略趋势总结:缺少Overview会扣分。
- 时态错误:过去数据用过去时,预测用将来时。
- 过度使用同义词:适当替换,避免生硬。
个人观点
线状图写作的核心在于逻辑清晰和数据分组,多练习不同图表,培养快速抓取趋势的能力,考试时自然游刃有余。