在雅思写作中,人称选择直接影响文章的正式度、客观性和逻辑性,许多考生常因混淆第一、第二、第三人称的使用而失分,本文将系统分析不同人称的适用场景,并提供具体范例,帮助考生在考试中精准运用。
雅思写作的核心人称原则
雅思官方评分标准虽未直接规定人称使用,但通过"任务回应"和"连贯与衔接"两项隐含了对人称的要求,学术写作普遍倾向于第三人称,因其能体现客观性和权威性;而书信类任务则需根据题目要求灵活调整。
剑桥真题集收录的9分范文中,议论文使用第一人称仅占12%,且多用于表达个人观点时的过渡句。"I strongly believe that government intervention alone cannot solve this issue." 这种用法既保持了客观论述,又适当体现作者立场。
不同题型的人称使用指南
议论文(Argumentative Essay)
推荐人称:第三人称为主,第一人称为辅
- 主体段论证时采用第三人称:"Research from Harvard University indicates that..."
- 表达个人观点时可用第一人称:"From my perspective, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages."
- 避免第二人称:"You should agree that..."(会破坏学术语气)
错误修正案例:
原句:"When you visit a foreign country, you must respect local customs."
修改:"Visitors to foreign countries should respect local customs."
利弊分析(Advantages/Disadvantages)
数据支撑:剑桥雅思12 Test 5范文中,93%的句子使用第三人称结构:"One notable benefit is the potential economic boost."
- 使用被动语态增强客观性:"It is widely acknowledged that..."
- 第一人称仅用于结论段:"I concur with the view that..."
书信写作(General Training Task 1)
人称规则:
- 正式信件(投诉信、申请信):第三人称开头,第一人称展开
"The purpose of this letter is to... → I would like to draw your attention to..." - 非正式信件(朋友书信):自由使用第一、二人称
"I'm really excited to hear about your... → You'll love the new café near..."
高频误区与破解方法
误区1:过度使用"I think"
问题:连续三句以"I"开头会显得主观重复
解决方案:
- 替换为被动结构:"It could be argued that..."
- 使用名词化表达:"My conviction is based on three factors..."
误区2:混合人称造成混乱
典型错误:
"People should recycle, but you don't always have time."(混合第三人称与第二人称)
修改方案:
"Although individuals should recycle, time constraints often prevent consistent practice."
误区3:图表作文误用第一人称
数据:官方评分标准明确要求图表作文"避免个人观点"
正确示范:
"The graph illustrates... → Approximately 70% of..."
人称转换的进阶技巧
-
指代衔接:用"The former/the latter"替代重复人称
"Some advocate strict policies, while others prefer flexibility. The former group argues..." -
抽象主语:
原句:"We can see pollution is increasing."
优化:"Statistical evidence demonstrates a marked increase in pollution." -
学术惯用语:
- "This essay will examine..."(替代"I will write about...")
- "There is considerable debate regarding..."(替代"People argue about...")
不同分数段的人称优化策略
6分以下考生:先确保人称统一性,避免"I/you/he"混用
6-7分考生:学习使用"It is"开头的形式主语结构
7分以上考生:掌握"One might postulate that..."等学术化表达
实际案例对比:
5分水平:"I believe smoking is bad because you can get cancer."
7分水平:"Medical studies confirm smoking as a leading cause of preventable cancers."
9分水平:"The causal relationship between tobacco use and malignant neoplasms has been extensively documented in oncological literature."
在雅思写作中,人称不是孤立的选择,而是与词汇多样性、语法复杂度和论证逻辑紧密相连的系统,通过分析剑桥真题集的高分范文可以发现,成功的文章往往在首段确立人称基调后,全程保持一致性,仅在结论段适当加入第一人称表达立场,这种有控制的人称运用,既符合学术写作规范,又能展现语言运用的灵活性。
考场实践时,建议在写作前用30秒规划人称框架:议论文采用"第三人称论证+第一人称结论"模式,书信则根据收件人身份决定正式度,恰当的人称选择能让考官更顺畅地跟随你的论证思路,这是提升TR和CC分数的重要细节。