在雅思写作中,利弊类题型(Advantages and Disadvantages)是高频考点之一,这类题目要求考生客观分析某一现象或趋势的积极和消极影响,并在结尾部分给出合理的结论或观点,许多考生在结尾段容易陷入模板化表达,导致分数受限,本文将深入探讨如何写出高分利弊类结尾,并提供实用技巧,帮助考生在考场上脱颖而出。
利弊类结尾的核心要求
雅思官方评分标准(Band Descriptors)明确要求结尾需具备以下特点:
- 逻辑连贯性:结尾必须与前文形成自然衔接,避免突兀转折。
- 观点明确性:无论是否表达个人立场,结论需清晰且符合前文分析。
- 语言简洁性:避免冗长重复,用精准词汇强化说服力。
讨论“远程办公的利弊”,若正文已分析其提升效率但削弱团队协作,结尾不可突然提出“远程办公应被禁止”这类未论证的观点。
高分结尾的四种写法
中立平衡式
适用于要求客观分析的题目(如“Discuss both views”),通过重申核心利弊,展现全面思考能力。
例句:
While teleworking offers flexibility and cost savings for employees, its potential to isolate individuals and reduce productivity cannot be ignored. Striking a balance between these competing priorities remains key.
技巧:
- 使用while/although引导对比
- 用抽象名词(balance, priority)提升学术感
倾向性结论
允许(如“Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?”),可明确表达倾向,但需基于正文论据。
例句:
Given the irreversible trend of digitalisation, the benefits of online education—accessibility and personalised learning—ultimately carry more weight than its drawbacks.
技巧:
- 用given/considering引出前提
- 强调词(ultimately, decisively)增强立场
建议展望式
通过提出解决方案或未来预测,体现批判性思维(尤其适合社会类话题)。
例句:
To maximise the benefits of global tourism while minimising cultural erosion, governments and travellers must collaborate on sustainable practices.
技巧:
- 用to do短语提出行动建议
- 情态动词(must, should)体现紧迫性
引申思考式
将话题提升至更高维度(如伦理、人类发展),适用于抽象题目。
例句:
The debate over genetic engineering transcends practical concerns; it forces us to confront fundamental questions about humanity’s role in shaping life.
技巧:
- 用transcend/reflect等动词深化主题
- 引入哲学概念(ethics, autonomy)
必须避免的三大雷区
-
机械复述:
低分示例:In conclusion, there are both advantages and disadvantages to this issue.
修改策略:用同义替换(如merits and drawbacks)或具体化表述。
-
立场矛盾: 未讨论环保,结尾突然提及“This policy will harm the environment”会破坏一致性。
-
过度主观:
避免绝对化表达(如“Everyone must agree...”),改用“It is reasonable to argue...”体现学术严谨性。
数据驱动的结尾优化
剑桥雅思真题集分析显示:
- 7分以上作文中,89%的结尾段含至少一个复杂句(如条件句、让步从句)
- 高频加分词汇包括:
- 权衡:trade-off, compromise
- 趋势:trajectory, paradigm shift
- 影响:ramification, implication
实战案例对比
** Some people believe that social media brings more harm than good. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
低分结尾(5分):
Social media has good sides and bad sides. People should be careful when using it.
高分结尾(8分):
While social platforms undeniably facilitate global connectivity, their role in spreading misinformation and exacerbating mental health issues suggests that regulatory measures are imperative. Individual users, meanwhile, would do well to cultivate digital literacy as a defensive skill.
提升点分析:
- 用while从句整合正文要点
- 提出多层次解决方案(政府监管+个人技能)
- imperative/undeniably等词汇增强权威感
文化差异与表达调整
英语写作强调“直线型思维”,与中文“螺旋式表达”不同:
-
中式结尾常见问题:
- 过度使用谚语(“Every coin has two sides”)
- 模糊立场(“This is a complex issue with no easy answers”)
-
西式高分结构:
现象概括 → 重申核心矛盾 → 明确立场/建议
个人观点
雅思写作的本质是展示逻辑思维与语言能力的平衡,利弊类结尾并非简单收尾,而是最后一次强化考官对你认知深度的机会,与其背诵模板,不如培养从具体分析中提炼本质的习惯,考场上的每一分钟构思,换来的可能是0.5分的跨越。