图表类作文是英语考试中常见的题型，要求考生根据提供的图表（如柱状图、折线图、饼图或表格）进行描述和分析，掌握这类作文的写作结构和技巧，能帮助考生在考试中快速组织语言，提高得分，以下是一套实用的写作模版及高分策略。
图表类作文基本结构
图表作文通常分为三部分：引言段、主体段和结论段，每部分的功能不同，但需要逻辑清晰、衔接自然。
引言段（Introduction）
引言段需简要介绍图表内容，包括图表类型、数据来源、时间范围和核心趋势，避免直接复制题目，而是用自己的语言概括。
高分句型：
- The bar chart/line graph/pie chart illustrates the changes in…
- The data, collected from…, demonstrates…
- A clear trend can be observed in…
示例：
The bar chart provided compares the average monthly expenditure of households in three different countries from 2010 to 2020. The data, sourced from a national survey, reveals significant variations in spending patterns.
主体段（Body Paragraphs）
主体段通常分为两段，分别描述主要趋势和细节数据，建议采用“总—分”结构，先概括趋势，再用具体数据支撑。
写作技巧：
- 数据对比：使用比较级（higher/lower than）、倍数（twice as much as）或百分比（accounting for 30%）。
- 趋势描述：上升（increase/rise）、下降（decline/drop）、波动（fluctuate）、稳定（remain stable）。
- 逻辑衔接：Meanwhile, In contrast, Similarly 等过渡词增强连贯性。
高分句型：
- The most striking feature is…, which surged from…to…
- In comparison, … experienced a gradual decline, dropping by…
- A notable exception is…, where the figures remained unchanged.
示例：
From 2010 to 2015, spending on education in Country A rose sharply, reaching a peak of $1,200 per month. In contrast, Country B saw a steady decrease in this category, falling to just $800 by 2020. Meanwhile, Country C maintained relatively stable expenditure levels throughout the decade.
结论段（Conclusion）
结论段需总结核心发现，并可适当分析原因或影响，避免引入新数据，而是对前文进行提炼。
高分句型：
- Overall, the data highlights…
- These trends may be attributed to…
- The implications of these changes are…
示例：
Overall, the chart underscores the divergent spending priorities among the three nations, likely influenced by economic policies and cultural values.
高分进阶技巧
数据选取与归纳
- 突出重点：不必描述所有数据，选择最具代表性的变化。
- 合理估算：若数据为近似值，可用“approximately, roughly”等词。
多样化表达
避免重复使用相同词汇，
- 上升：increase → climb, soar, surge
- 下降：decrease → plummet, dip, shrink
避免常见错误
- 时态错误：过去数据用过去时，预测未来用将来时。
- 主观臆断：仅描述数据，不添加个人观点（除非题目要求）。
万能模版套用
模版1：动态变化类（趋势对比）
Introduction:
The line graph displays changes in…over a period of…years.
Body 1:
The most significant increase occurred in…, rising from…to…
Body 2:
By contrast,…showed a downward trend, particularly in…
Conclusion:
These shifts reflect…
模版2：静态比较类（数据分布）
Introduction:
The pie chart breaks down…into several categories.
Body 1:
…accounted for the largest proportion at…%, while…comprised only…%
Body 2:
Interestingly,…was almost equal to…, both at around…%
Conclusion:
The distribution indicates…
实战演练
** 某城市2015-2025年交通方式占比变化（饼图→柱状图）
范文：
The two charts illustrate the shifts in transportation preferences among residents of City X between 2015 and 2025.
In 2015, private cars dominated at 45%, followed by public transport (30%) and cycling (15%). By 2025, however, the use of private vehicles is projected to drop by half, while subway and bus usage will likely double. Cycling infrastructure improvements may explain its predicted rise to 25%.
This reversal suggests successful urban planning policies promoting sustainable mobility.
