在雅思写作中,犯罪类话题是常见主题之一,涉及法律、社会问题、青少年教育等多个方面,掌握相关词汇和表达不仅能提升文章的专业性,还能帮助考生更精准地阐述观点,本文整理了犯罪类话题的核心词汇、短语及例句,助力考生在写作中游刃有余。
犯罪类型与相关术语
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Violent crime(暴力犯罪)
- 包括谋杀(murder)、袭击(assault)、抢劫(robbery)等。
- 例句:Violent crime rates have surged in urban areas due to socioeconomic disparities.
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Property crime(财产犯罪)
- 如盗窃(theft)、入室盗窃(burglary)、诈骗(fraud)。
- 例句:Strict penalties for property crimes may deter potential offenders.
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White-collar crime(白领犯罪)
- 涉及商业欺诈(corporate fraud)、洗钱(money laundering)、贪污(embezzlement)。
- 例句:White-collar crimes often result in significant financial losses for society.
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Cybercrime(网络犯罪)
- 如黑客攻击(hacking)、网络诈骗(online scams)、身份盗窃(identity theft)。
- 例句:Governments must invest in cybersecurity to combat rising cybercrime.
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Juvenile delinquency(青少年犯罪)
- 指未成年人违法行为,常与家庭教育(parental guidance)和社会环境(social environment)相关。
- 例句:Early intervention programs can reduce juvenile delinquency rates.
犯罪原因与影响因素
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Poverty(贫困)
- 经济困难可能迫使个体铤而走险。
- 例句:Poverty is a root cause of certain types of crime, such as theft.
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Unemployment(失业)
- 失业率上升常伴随犯罪率增加。
- 例句:High unemployment rates correlate with higher property crime rates.
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Social inequality(社会不平等)
- 贫富差距可能引发社会不满。
- 例句:Social inequality fuels resentment and increases crime rates.
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Lack of education(教育缺失)
- 教育水平低可能导致法律意识薄弱。
- 例句:Improving access to education can help prevent criminal behavior.
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Drug abuse(药物滥用)
- 吸毒常与暴力犯罪相关。
- 例句:Drug abuse is a major contributor to violent offenses.
法律与惩罚措施
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Legal system(法律体系)
- 包括立法(legislation)、执法(law enforcement)、司法(judiciary)。
- 例句:A robust legal system is essential for maintaining social order.
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Capital punishment(死刑)
- 支持者认为具有威慑作用(deterrent effect),反对者则认为不人道(inhumane)。
- 例句:The debate over capital punishment revolves around ethics and effectiveness.
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Community service(社区服务)
- 一种替代监禁(alternative to imprisonment)的惩罚方式。
- 例句:Non-violent offenders may benefit from community service programs.
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Rehabilitation(改造)
- 旨在帮助罪犯重新融入社会(reintegrate into society)。
- 例句:Rehabilitation programs reduce recidivism rates among offenders.
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Probation(缓刑)
- 罪犯在监督下免于监禁。
- 例句:Probation allows offenders to remain in society under strict conditions.
犯罪预防与社会对策
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Surveillance(监控)
- 如闭路电视(CCTV)可威慑犯罪。
- 例句:Increased surveillance in public spaces has lowered crime rates.
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Neighborhood watch(社区联防)
- 居民协作预防犯罪。
- 例句:Neighborhood watch programs enhance community safety.
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Public awareness campaigns(公众宣传)
- 提高民众对犯罪风险的认知。
- 例句:Public awareness campaigns educate citizens on preventing cybercrime.
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Stricter laws(更严格的法律)
- 加重刑罚可能减少犯罪。
- 例句:Stricter laws on drunk driving have saved countless lives.
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Economic support(经济支持)
- 社会福利减少犯罪动机。
- 例句:Economic support for disadvantaged groups can address root causes of crime.
实用句型与论证框架
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分析原因
- The primary factor contributing to... is...
- This phenomenon can be attributed to...
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提出解决方案
- One viable solution would be to...
- Implementing... could effectively mitigate this issue.
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对比观点
- While some argue that..., others believe...
- The advantages of... outweigh the disadvantages.
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表达个人立场
- From my perspective,...
- I firmly believe that...
常见误区与改进建议
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词汇重复
避免反复使用“crime”,可替换为“offense”、“wrongdoing”、“illegal act”。
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论证单薄
结合数据或案例增强说服力,如“According to a 2023 study,...”。
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逻辑断层
使用连接词(however, therefore, consequently)确保行文连贯。
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文化差异
避免主观假设,如“All criminals are violent”不符合客观事实。
在雅思写作中,犯罪类话题要求考生平衡分析与建议,既要探讨原因,也要提出可行方案,通过灵活运用专业词汇和多样句式,考生能够展现语言能力和批判性思维,扎实的词汇储备和清晰的逻辑框架是高分的关键。