雅思写作考试的第二部分要求考生在40分钟内完成一篇不少于250词的议论文,这部分题目类型多样,掌握分类方法有助于考生快速理解题目要求并组织文章结构,根据题目提问方式和写作任务,雅思大作文主要分为以下几类。
观点类(Opinion Essay)
要求考生明确表达个人立场,并给出支持理由,常见提问方式包括:
- Do you agree or disagree?
- To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- What is your opinion?
写作要点:
- 开头段明确表态(完全同意、部分同意或反对)。
- 主体段落提供2-3个理由,每个理由搭配具体例证。
- 避免模棱两可的表述,如“It depends”。
例题:
Some people believe that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others argue that individuals have the freedom to choose. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
讨论类(Discussion Essay)
要求分析双方观点,最后给出个人结论,常见提问方式:
- Discuss both views and give your opinion.
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages.
写作要点:
- 开头段简要介绍争议背景。
- 主体段落分别阐述双方立场,确保篇幅均衡。
- 结论段明确个人倾向,避免简单重复前文。
例题:
Some people think that children should start school at an early age, while others believe they should begin after 7 years old. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
利弊类(Advantage-Disadvantage Essay)
要求分析某一现象或决策的积极和消极影响,提问方式包括:
- Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
- What are the benefits and drawbacks?
写作要点: 未要求表态,可客观分析两方面;若问“是否利大于弊”,需明确结论。
- 使用具体数据或案例增强说服力,如“A 2020 WHO report indicated...”。
例题:
The increasing use of robots in workplaces has brought significant changes. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.
问题解决类(Problem-Solution Essay)
描述一个社会问题,要求分析原因并提出解决方案,常见提问:
- What are the causes? What measures can be taken?
- Why is this happening? How can the situation be improved?
写作要点:
- 原因与解决方案需一一对应,若将“交通拥堵”归因于私家车过多,可建议“推广公共交通”。
- 避免泛泛而谈,解决方案应具体可行。
例题:
Many cities face severe air pollution. What are the causes of this problem, and what steps can governments and individuals take to address it?
双问题类(Two-Part Question Essay)
包含两个直接关联的问题,需分别回答。
- Why is this happening? Is it a positive or negative development?
- What are the effects? How can individuals respond to this trend?
写作要点:
- 分段回答每个问题,避免混淆。
- 确保两部分篇幅均衡,通常各占一个主体段。
例题:
More people are choosing to work remotely. Why has this become common? Do you think it benefits society?
绝对词类(Absolute Statement Essay)
中包含“only”“best”“never”等绝对化表述,要求考生评估其合理性。
- Is this the most effective approach?
- Should this be the sole responsibility of governments?
写作要点:
- 通常采取“部分同意”立场,指出极端表述的局限性。
- 通过举例对比说明例外情况。
例题:
Some say that economic growth is the only way to end poverty. To what extent do you agree?
写作通用策略
无论遇到哪类题目,以下方法能帮助提升得分:
- 审题精准:划出题干关键词(如“discuss”“outweigh”),避免偏题。
- 结构清晰:采用四段式(开头+主体段1+主体段2+或五段式(增加主体段)。
- 论证充实:每个观点搭配解释、数据或案例,避免空洞论述。
- 语言多样:交替使用从句、分词结构、强调句等,展现语法广度。
雅思作文分类的本质是帮助考生快速匹配答题框架,但实际题目可能混合多种类型,例如一道讨论科技影响的题目可能同时涉及利弊分析和解决方案,灵活运用分类逻辑,结合题目具体要求,才能写出高分文章。
备考阶段建议每周练习2-3篇不同类型作文,并请专业教师或高分考生批改,通过反复修改,逐渐掌握议论文的核心技巧——用逻辑和证据说服读者。