雅思写作Task 1要求考生在20分钟内完成一篇至少150词的图表作文，想要拿高分，除了逻辑清晰、句式多样，词汇的精准运用也至关重要，本文整理了一系列适用于各类图表（如线图、柱状图、饼图、表格等）的高分词汇，帮助考生提升表达的准确性和多样性。
描述趋势的核心词汇
上升趋势
- 动词：increase, rise, grow, climb, surge, soar, escalate
- 名词：increase, rise, growth, climb, surge, upswing
- 副词：sharply, rapidly, significantly, steadily, gradually, slightly
- 短语：go up, shoot up, pick up, experience an upward trend
例句：
- The number of tourists rose sharply from 2000 to 2010.
- There was a steady increase in sales over the five-year period.
下降趋势
- 动词：decrease, decline, drop, fall, plummet, dip, slump
- 名词：decrease, decline, drop, fall, reduction, downturn
- 副词：dramatically, sharply, steadily, gradually, slightly
- 短语：go down, plunge, take a nosedive
例句：
- The unemployment rate plummeted after the government introduced new policies.
- A significant decline was observed in the production of coal.
波动趋势
- 动词：fluctuate, vary, oscillate
- 名词：fluctuation, variation, instability
- 副词：erratically, unpredictably
- 短语：go up and down, experience ups and downs
例句：
- The stock prices fluctuated throughout the year.
- There was considerable variation in temperature during the month.
稳定趋势
- 动词：stabilize, remain stable, level off
- 名词：stability, plateau
- 副词：consistently
- 短语：stay constant, hold steady
例句：
- After 2015, the population growth leveled off.
- The inflation rate remained stable for three consecutive years.
描述数据对比的关键词汇
最高点与最低点
- 最高点：peak, reach a high of, hit a maximum of, top out at
- 最低点：bottom out at, hit a low of, reach a minimum of
例句：
- The temperature peaked at 40°C in July.
- Oil prices bottomed out at $30 per barrel.
比较级与最高级
- 比较级：higher than, lower than, more than, less than
- 最高级：the highest, the lowest, the most, the least
例句：
- The sales in 2020 were significantly higher than those in 2019.
- This year recorded the lowest rainfall in a decade.
倍数与比例
- 倍数：double, triple, quadruple
- 比例：account for, make up, constitute, represent
例句：
- The demand for electric cars tripled in five years.
- Renewable energy accounts for 20% of total energy consumption.
描述时间变化的词汇
时间起点与终点
- 开始：at the beginning of, in the initial stage, from the outset
- 结束：by the end of, in the final period, towards the conclusion
例句：
- At the beginning of the decade, the population was relatively stable.
- By the end of the year, profits had increased by 15%.
时间段描述
- 短期：over a short period, in the short term
- 长期：over the long term, in the long run
例句：
- The policy had an immediate effect in the short term.
- Over the long term, the investment proved profitable.
图表类型的针对性词汇
线图（Line Graph）
- 描述变化：trend, trajectory, movement
- 关键点：intersection, convergence, divergence
例句：
- The two lines intersected in 2015, indicating a shift in market dominance.
柱状图（Bar Chart）
- 比较数据：outperform, surpass, lag behind
- 描述差异：gap, disparity, discrepancy
例句：
- Company A outperformed its competitors in terms of revenue.
饼图（Pie Chart）
- 占比描述：majority, minority, the largest/smallest segment
- 比例变化：redistribution, shift in proportion
例句：
- The majority of the budget was allocated to education.
表格（Table）
- 数据提取：highlight, illustrate, demonstrate
- 总结趋势：overall, in general, broadly speaking
例句：
- The table illustrates the differences in GDP growth across regions.
高分替换词提升表达
避免重复使用“show”
- 替代词：illustrate, depict, demonstrate, reveal, indicate
例句：
- The graph depicts the changes in consumer habits.
避免过度使用“big”或“small”
- 替代词：substantial, considerable, marginal, negligible
例句：
- There was a considerable difference between the two groups.
连接词与逻辑衔接
- 递进：furthermore, moreover, in addition
- 对比：however, on the other hand, in contrast
- 因果：therefore, as a result, consequently
例句：
- The demand for oil increased; consequently, prices rose.
避免常见错误
- 数据误读：确保准确理解图表信息，避免主观臆测。
- 时态错误：过去数据用过去时，预测或普遍事实用现在时。
- 词汇单一：多使用同义词替换，避免重复。
掌握这些词汇和表达方式，考生可以在雅思图表作文中更精准、更流畅地呈现数据趋势和对比，多练习、多积累,写作分数自然水涨船高。
