范文题目：动物行为研究是否应优先于实验室研究？

阅读材料观点：
动物行为研究比实验室研究更有价值，自然观察能提供更真实的数据，动物在野外展现的行为更接近其天性，实验室环境可能影响动物的正常反应，导致研究结果失真，行为研究成本更低，不需要昂贵的实验设备。

听力材料反驳观点：
教授认为实验室研究同样重要，第一，自然观察难以控制变量，比如天气、食物供应等，而实验室能精确调整条件，确保实验可重复性，第二，某些行为研究必须在实验室进行，例如基因对行为的影响，野外无法实现，第三，虽然实验室设备昂贵，但长期来看，其研究成果更具突破性。

高分范文

The reading passage argues that animal behavior research is superior to laboratory studies, citing reasons such as natural authenticity, reduced environmental interference, and lower costs. However, the lecture challenges these points, asserting that lab research is equally valuable due to its controlled conditions, ability to study specific factors, and long-term scientific impact.

First, the reading claims that observing animals in the wild yields more authentic data because their behavior is unaffected by artificial settings. The professor counters this by pointing out that natural environments introduce uncontrollable variables, such as weather and food availability, which can skew results. In contrast, a lab allows researchers to isolate specific factors, ensuring experiments are repeatable and reliable. For example, studying how temperature affects a species’ mating habits is far more accurate in a controlled setting.

Second, the passage suggests that lab conditions may alter animals’ natural responses, making findings less valid. The lecture refutes this by explaining that certain behaviors, such as genetic influences on aggression, can only be examined in a lab. Field observations cannot manipulate genes, whereas laboratory experiments can precisely test hypotheses about biological mechanisms. This level of precision is crucial for advancing scientific knowledge.

Finally, while the reading emphasizes the cost-effectiveness of field research, the lecture acknowledges that lab equipment is expensive but argues that the potential breakthroughs justify the investment. Many medical and behavioral discoveries, such as treatments for neurological disorders, stem from controlled lab studies. Without such research, progress in understanding complex behaviors would be severely limited.

In conclusion, while field studies offer unique insights, laboratory research provides indispensable control and precision. Both approaches are essential for a comprehensive understanding of animal behavior.

写作技巧解析

结构清晰

高分托福作文通常采用“四段式”：

• 引言段：概括阅读与听力材料的核心冲突。
• 主体段1-3：分别对比阅读和听力的三个主要论点。
• 结尾段：简要总结，强调听力材料的反驳有效性。

精准转述

避免直接抄写原文，使用同义替换和句型转换。

• 原文："Natural observation provides more authentic data."
• 改写："Observing animals in the wild yields more genuine behavioral patterns."

逻辑连接词

使用过渡词增强连贯性：

• 对比："However, the lecture challenges this…"
• 举例："For instance, studying temperature effects…"
• 因果："As a result, lab experiments are more reliable."

细节支持

听力部分通常提供具体例子（如基因研究、温度实验），写作时应明确提及，而非泛泛而谈。

常见错误与改进建议

错误1：遗漏听力细节

低分作文常仅概括听力观点，忽略例子，改进方法：

• 听到数字、案例时立即笔记，如"genetic influences on aggression"。

错误2：立场混淆

部分考生误加入个人观点，托福综合写作只需客观对比材料，无需主观评价。

错误3：语言重复

避免反复使用"the reading says… the lecture says…"，可替换为：

• "The author believes… whereas the professor argues…"