雅思写作考试中,讨论型（Discussion Essay）是常见题型之一，要求考生针对某一话题的不同观点进行分析，并给出自己的见解，这类题目通常以“Discuss both views and give your opinion”的形式出现，考察考生的辩证思维和语言表达能力，本文将深入解析讨论型作文的结构、写作技巧及常见误区，帮助考生高效备考。
讨论型作文的核心要求
雅思官方评分标准（Band Descriptors）明确要求讨论型作文需做到：
- 全面回应题目：必须涵盖题目中所有观点，不可偏废一方。
- 逻辑清晰：段落间有明确衔接，论点与论据紧密关联。
- 语言准确：避免语法错误，使用多样化的词汇和句式。
Some people believe that technology makes life more convenient, while others argue it leads to social isolation. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
考生需均衡讨论“便利性”和“社交隔离”两方面，最后提出个人立场。
高分结构模板
引言段（Introduction）
- 背景句：概括话题的社会背景或普遍性。
- 观点转述：用同义替换重述题目中的对立观点。
- 立场声明：明确表达将讨论双方观点并给出个人看法。
范例：
In the digital era, technological advancements have profoundly reshaped daily routines. While some consider these innovations as tools for efficiency, others warn of their potential to weaken human connections. This essay will examine both perspectives before concluding that moderation is key.
主体段1（支持观点A）
- 主题句：直接阐明第一个观点。
- 论据1：结合具体例子或数据。
- 论据2：进一步展开分析。
范例：
Proponents of technology emphasize its role in streamlining tasks. For instance, mobile banking apps eliminate queues, allowing users to transfer funds within seconds. Moreover, telemedicine platforms enable patients in remote areas to consult specialists without travel, significantly improving healthcare accessibility.
主体段2（支持观点B）
- 主题句：过渡到对立观点。
- 论据1：引用研究或社会现象。
- 论据2：分析长期影响。
范例：
However, critics highlight technology’s unintended consequences on social bonds. A 2022 study by the University of Sydney revealed that 68% of participants felt lonelier after replacing face-to-face meetings with video calls. This trend may erode empathy skills, as digital communication lacks nonverbal cues essential for emotional understanding.
结尾段（Conclusion）
- 重申双方观点：用1-2句话概括核心分歧。
- 个人立场：提出平衡或倾向性结论，避免模棱两可。
范例：
Although technology undeniably enhances efficiency, its overuse risks fragmenting communities. Policies promoting digital literacy alongside real-world interaction could harness benefits while mitigating drawbacks.
提升讨论深度的技巧
避免“一边倒”论证
即使个人倾向明显,也需客观分析对立观点，例如支持科技便利性时，可承认：“While automation may reduce certain jobs, it simultaneously creates higher-skilled roles in AI maintenance.”
使用学术化表达
- 替换口语词：用“individuals”代替“people”，“utilize”代替“use”。
- 连接词多样化：
- 对比：Nevertheless, Conversely, By contrast
- 补充：Furthermore, Notably, More importantly
数据与权威引用
适当虚构研究增强说服力（雅思允许合理假设），
According to a 2023 OECD report, countries with high internet penetration showed 23% faster GDP growth but also a 15% rise in mental health complaints among adolescents.
常见失分点与修正方案
观点比例失衡
错误示范：用80%篇幅讨论科技便利性，仅20%提及社交影响。
修正：确保两方论述篇幅相近，可通过段落字数控制。
论据空洞
错误示范：
Technology is bad because it makes people lonely.
修正：
Excessive social media use correlates with higher loneliness indices, as evidenced by a longitudinal study tracking 1,200 teenagers over three years (Journal of Behavioral Psychology, 2021).
结论重复开头
错误示范：简单复述“Technology has both pros and cons.”
修正：提出解决方案或预测趋势，如：
Governments and educators should collaborate to design curricula that teach responsible technology use from an early age.
实战案例分析
Some argue that globalization fosters cultural understanding, while others claim it erodes local traditions. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
高分范文节选：
Globalization’s cultural impact remains contentious. Advocates point to phenomena like the worldwide popularity of Japanese anime, which has sparked interest in East Asian languages and customs. Conversely, UNESCO reports that 230 indigenous languages have disappeared in the past decade, often displaced by dominant global languages like English. In my view, cultural exchange need not be zero-sum; policies subsidizing local art while embracing foreign influences may offer a sustainable path forward.
备考资源推荐
- 官方范文：剑桥雅思真题集（Cambridge IELTS 10-18）的考官评语。
- 词汇工具：
- 学术词汇表：AWL (Academic Word List)
- 同义词库：PowerThesaurus.org
- 逻辑训练：定期练习“For & Against”类写作，如《The Economist》的社论分析。
雅思讨论型作文的高分关键在于平衡、深度与语言精准度，通过系统化的结构训练和持续的反馈修正，考生完全可以在短期内实现从5.5分到7分的跨越，写作时始终提醒自己：考官期待的不是“正确答案”，而是清晰、有说服力的论证过程。
