在雅思写作中,词汇的选择直接影响分数高低,许多考生习惯使用虚词填充句子,看似增加篇幅,实则削弱表达力度,考官更青睐精准、高效的表达,而非空洞的修饰,本文将分析雅思作文中常见的虚词问题,并提供优化方案,帮助考生提升写作质量。
什么是虚词?
虚词指本身无实际意义,仅起语法连接或填充作用的词汇,在英语写作中,过度使用虚词会导致句子冗长、逻辑松散。
- “There is a large number of people who believe that…”
- “It is important to note that the government should take action.”
这两句话中的“there is”“it is”并未传递核心信息,反而让句子显得拖沓。
雅思作文高频虚词及优化
(1)冗余副词
许多考生喜欢用“very”“really”“quite”等副词强调程度,但这些词往往缺乏具体性。
- 原句: The problem is very serious.
- 优化: The problem is severe.
“severe”比“very serious”更精准,避免冗余。
(2)空洞短语
“It is believed that…”“Some people say that…”这类表达缺乏主语,显得含糊。
- 原句: It is believed that technology improves life.
- 优化: Experts argue that technology enhances life.
“Experts argue”明确信息来源,增强说服力。
(3)过度使用连接词
“However”“Moreover”“Furthermore”确实能衔接段落,但频繁使用会显得机械。
- 原句: However, the government should invest in education. Moreover, schools need better facilities.
- 优化: While education requires funding, schools also lack adequate facilities.
用“while”替代“however”和“moreover”,使逻辑更自然。
如何避免虚词?
(1)用具体词汇替代抽象表达
避免“have a negative impact”这类笼统说法,改用“damage”“undermine”等动词。
- 原句: Pollution has a bad effect on health.
- 优化: Pollution harms public health.
(2)删除不必要的介词短语
“in terms of”“with regard to”常可省略。
- 原句: In terms of education, reforms are necessary.
- 优化: Education reforms are necessary.
(3)多用主动语态
被动语态(如“It can be seen that…”)容易模糊主语,主动语态更直接。
- 原句: It was decided by the committee to raise taxes.
- 优化: The committee decided to raise taxes.
考官青睐的写作风格
雅思官方评分标准强调“Lexical Resource”(词汇丰富度)和“Grammatical Range”(语法多样性),高分作文的特点包括:
- 精准用词: 避免“good”“bad”等泛泛之谈,改用“beneficial”“detrimental”等学术词汇。
- 句式灵活: 交替使用简单句、复合句,避免单调。
- 逻辑清晰: 每个论点有具体例证支撑,而非空泛陈述。
实战案例对比
以下是一段虚词较多的作文片段及优化版本:
原段:
There are many reasons why people think that global warming is a very serious issue. It is often said that the temperature is rising, and this can lead to really bad consequences. Moreover, it is believed that governments should take action to reduce emissions.
优化后:
Global warming poses a severe threat due to rising temperatures, which may trigger catastrophic consequences. Scientists urge governments to curb emissions immediately.
优化后的版本删除虚词,信息密度更高,符合学术写作规范。
练习建议
- 精读范文: 分析高分作文的用词和句式,注意哪些表达被避免。
- 改写练习: 将含有虚词的句子重写,保留原意但提升简洁度。
- 词汇积累: 建立“虚词-实词”对照表,例如将“make an improvement”替换为“enhance”。
雅思写作的本质是有效沟通,而非堆砌词汇,减少虚词能让文章更紧凑、更具说服力,在备考过程中,刻意训练精准表达的习惯,比盲目追求长难句更能赢得考官青睐。