在英语中,数字形容词(Numeral Adjectives)用于描述数量或顺序,是日常交流和写作中不可或缺的一部分,掌握这些词汇不仅能提升语言表达的准确性,还能让沟通更高效,本文将详细介绍基数词、序数词、倍数词等数字形容词的用法,并提供实用例句,帮助读者轻松掌握这些词汇。
基数词(Cardinal Numbers)
基数词表示具体的数量,用于回答“多少”的问题,以下是1到20的基数词及其拼写:
- one
- two
- three
- four
- five
- six
- seven
- eight
- nine
- ten
- eleven
- twelve
- thirteen
- fourteen
- fifteen
- sixteen
- seventeen
- eighteen
- nineteen
- twenty
基数词的用法
-
计数
- There are five apples on the table.(桌上有五个苹果。)
- She has three brothers.(她有三个兄弟。)
-
表示年龄
- He is ten years old.(他十岁了。)
-
电话号码、年份
- My phone number is five-five-five-one-two-three-four.(我的电话号码是555-1234。)
- The event took place in nineteen ninety-nine.(该事件发生在1999年。)
序数词(Ordinal Numbers)
序数词表示顺序或排名,通常用于日期、比赛名次等场景,以下是1到20的序数词:
- first (1st)
- second (2nd)
- third (3rd)
- fourth (4th)
- fifth (5th)
- sixth (6th)
- seventh (7th)
- eighth (8th)
- ninth (9th)
- tenth (10th)
- eleventh (11th)
- twelfth (12th)
- thirteenth (13th)
- fourteenth (14th)
- fifteenth (15th)
- sixteenth (16th)
- seventeenth (17th)
- eighteenth (18th)
- nineteenth (19th)
- twentieth (20th)
序数词的用法
-
日期表达
- Today is the fifth of June.(今天是6月5日。)
-
比赛名次
- She finished in second place.(她获得了第二名。)
-
楼层、章节
- The meeting room is on the third floor.(会议室在三楼。)
- Please read the twelfth chapter.(请阅读第十二章。)
倍数词(Multiplicative Numbers)
倍数词用于表示“几倍”的概念,常见的有:
- once(一次/一倍)
- twice(两次/两倍)
- three times(三次/三倍)
- four times(四次/四倍)
倍数词的用法
-
比较倍数
- This box is twice as heavy as that one.(这个箱子比那个重两倍。)
-
频率表达
- I go to the gym three times a week.(我每周去健身房三次。)
分数词(Fractional Numbers)
分数词用于表示部分数量,如“一半”“三分之一”等,常见的分数词包括:
- half(1/2)
- a third(1/3)
- a quarter(1/4)
- three-fourths(3/4)
分数词的用法
-
描述比例
- Half of the students passed the exam.(一半的学生通过了考试。)
-
测量单位
- Add a quarter teaspoon of salt.(加入四分之一茶匙盐。)
特殊数字形容词
-
Pair(一对)
- She bought a pair of shoes.(她买了一双鞋。)
-
Dozen(一打,12个)
- I need a dozen eggs.(我需要一打鸡蛋。)
-
Score(二十)
- Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address begins with “Four score and seven years ago…”(林肯的《葛底斯堡演说》以“八十七年前”开头。)
常见错误与纠正
-
基数词与序数词混淆
- ❌ He came in the two place.
- ✅ He came in the second place.(他获得了第二名。)
-
分数词单复数误用
- ❌ Two-third of the cake is gone.
- ✅ Two-thirds of the cake is gone.(蛋糕的三分之二被吃掉了。)
-
倍数词搭配不当
- ❌ This car is twice faster than that one.
- ✅ This car is twice as fast as that one.(这辆车比那辆快两倍。)
实用练习
-
用基数词填空:
- There are ___ (7) days in a week.
- She has ___ (15) books on her shelf.
-
用序数词填空:
- December is the ___ (12) month of the year.
- My birthday is on the ___ (3) of August.
-
用倍数词造句:
- This laptop costs ___ (three times) as much as the old one.
掌握数字形容词的用法,能让英语表达更精准,无论是日常对话还是正式写作,正确使用这些词汇都能提升语言质量。