PEEL结构：基础论证黄金法则
P（Point观点）→ E（Evidence证据）→ E（Explanation解释）→ L（Link衔接）
模板应用示范
主题：远程办公是否提升效率
P: Remote work significantly enhances productivity for knowledge-based employees.
E: A 2022 Stanford study found that programmers working remotely completed 13% more tasks weekly compared to office workers.
E: This is because flexible schedules reduce commute stress and allow focus during individual peak performance hours.
L: Therefore, companies should adopt hybrid models to maximize output.
优势分析：
- 避免观点与证据脱节
- 通过数据强化可信度（符合E-A-T原则）
- 每段仅论证一个核心点,符合英语写作"one paragraph, one idea"规范
Toulmin模型：复杂议题深度分析
Claim（主张）→ Grounds（依据）→ Warrant（逻辑桥）→ Backing（支撑）→ Rebuttal（反驳）
模板应用示范
主题：全民基本收入政策的可行性
Claim: Universal Basic Income (UBI) can alleviate poverty.
Grounds: Finland's 2017-2018 UBI experiment showed a 21% reduction in financial stress among participants.
Warrant: Stable cash flow enables better long-term decision-making, as Maslow's hierarchy of needs confirms.
Backing: The World Bank reports that 65% of global poverty stems from unpredictable income shocks.
Rebuttal: Critics argue UBI may discourage work, but Canadian trials proved 82% recipients maintained employment.
适用场景：
- 雅思大作文Discuss both views题型
- 需要展示批判性思维的研究论文
- 涉及伦理、经济等多维度的议论文
Rogerian策略：争议话题平衡论证
问题陈述→对方立场→共同基础→折中方案
模板应用示范
主题：人工智能是否威胁就业
问题陈述：AI automation is replacing certain manual jobs at unprecedented rates.
对方立场：Manufacturers argue AI cuts labor costs by 40%, vital for competitiveness.
共同基础：Both sides agree that workforce reskilling is necessary in the digital era.
折中方案：Governments and corporations could co-fund vocational training programs.
核心价值：
- 避免非黑即白的极端表述
- 体现作者客观中立的专业形象（强化E-A-T）
- 适用于托福独立写作"agree or disagree"题型
提升论证质量的实操技巧
数据来源标注
- 弱化表达：Studies indicate... → 强化表达：According to UNESCO's 2023 report...
- 优先使用.gov/.edu域名的研究机构数据
逻辑连接词库
| 功能 | 高级词汇 |
|---|---|
| 因果关系 | Consequently, thereby |
| 对比转折 | Notwithstanding, albeit |
| 补充说明 | More precisely, notably |
反证段落设计
在议论文结尾前加入：
"Admittedly, [对立观点]. However, [用新证据化解质疑]. This ultimately reinforces [己方论点]."
