雅思写作Task 1(小作文)的开头段至关重要,它决定了考官对整篇文章的第一印象,一个清晰、准确的开头不仅能帮助考生快速进入状态,还能为后续的数据分析和趋势描述奠定基础,本文将从结构、常用句型、易错点及高分技巧四个方面,全面解析如何写出符合雅思评分标准的开头段。
开头段的核心作用
雅思小作文开头的主要任务是改写题目,而非直接照抄,考官希望看到考生用不同的表达方式呈现相同的信息,以此证明语言运用的灵活性。
原题:
The graph below shows the percentage of people in different age groups who went to the cinema in the UK in 2010.
改写示例:
The bar chart illustrates the proportion of UK cinema-goers across various age brackets in the year 2010.
改写时需注意:
- 替换关键词:如“shows”可替换为“illustrates”“depicts”“presents”等;“percentage”可替换为“proportion”“rate”等。
- 调整句式:主动变被动,或改变句子结构,如将“people in different age groups”改为“across various age brackets”。
四大图表类型的开头写法
动态图(线图、柱图、表格)
动态图展示数据随时间变化,开头需点明时间范围。
例句:
The line graph compares the changes in electricity consumption in three countries between 1990 and 2010.
高分技巧:
- 使用“compare”“trend”“over the period”等词汇突出对比和趋势。
- 避免笼统表述,如“shows information”,应具体说明数据内容。
静态图(饼图、柱图、表格)
静态图描述某一时间点的数据分布,开头需强调“比例”或“分布”。
例句:
The pie charts provide a breakdown of energy production from five sources in Australia and Germany in 2020.
高分技巧:
- 使用“breakdown”“distribution”“composition”等词。
- 若比较两个图表,需点明对比对象,如“in Australia and Germany”。
流程图与地图 需概括过程或变化特征。
流程图例句:
The diagram outlines the stages involved in the manufacturing of ceramic pots.
地图例句:
The two maps depict the development of a coastal village into a tourist resort over a 30-year period.
高分技巧:
- 流程图用“stages”“process”“sequence”等词;地图用“development”“changes”“transformation”等词。
- 避免机械重复题目,如“how bricks are made”可改为“the brick production process”。
高分开头必备句型
以下句型可根据图表类型灵活组合:
- The [chart type] illustrates/compares/depicts…
- Data is provided on…
- A comparison is made between…
- Information is given about…
- The focus of the [chart type] is…
示例组合:
The table compares data on water usage in three sectors across four countries, while the bar chart provides a breakdown of household consumption patterns.
常见错误与规避方法
照抄题目
错误示例:
The graph below shows the number of tourists visiting three museums from 2000 to 2015.(直接复制题目)
修改后:
The line graph displays variations in museum attendance figures for three cultural institutions over a 15-year period.
遗漏关键信息
错误示例:
The chart shows data about car sales.(未说明时间、地区或比较对象)
修改后:
The bar chart compares the sales volumes of electric and petrol vehicles in Europe during 2022.
过度复杂化
错误示例:
What is being presented in the visual representation is the fluctuation in commodity prices.(冗长且不自然)
修改后:
The graph illustrates fluctuations in commodity prices.
提升开头段质量的技巧
-
多样化词汇:
- “Show”替换词:demonstrate, reveal, indicate
- “Percentage”替换词:proportion, rate, share
-
精准概括:
避免泛泛而谈,如“the graph shows information”,应具体到“the graph illustrates changes in population growth”。 -
结合图表细节: 中有单位(如tons, millions),可在开头提及,如“measured in tons”。
-
保持简洁:
开头段通常1-2句,无需展开分析。
实战案例分析
*
The table shows the percentage of students choosing four different subjects at a university in 2005 and 2015.*
普通开头:
The table shows the percentage of students choosing four subjects in 2005 and 2015.
高分开头:
The table compares the proportions of university students enrolling in four distinct disciplines over a decade, from 2005 to 2015.
分析:
- “compares”替代“shows”,突出对比;
- “proportions”替代“percentage”,更正式;
- “enrolling in”替代“choosing”,更学术;
- “distinct disciplines”替代“subjects”,词汇升级。
雅思小作文开头段的写作并非模板套用,而是基于题目信息的精准改写,通过灵活运用同义词、调整句式结构,并确保信息完整,考生可以轻松写出符合评分标准的高分开头,多练习不同图表类型,积累常用表达,考场上的开头段自然水到渠成。