英语中有许多看似简单的单词,却拥有多种不同的含义,这些一词多义的现象常常让学习者感到困惑,但掌握它们能显著提升语言理解能力,本文将介绍一些常见简单单词的多重意义,帮助读者更准确地使用英语。
Run
"Run"是最典型的多义词之一,几乎可以用于各种场景。
-
奔跑:
He runs every morning.(他每天早上跑步。)
-
经营、管理:
She runs a small business.(她经营一家小公司。)
-
(机器)运转:
The engine runs smoothly.(引擎运转顺畅。)
-
流动:
The river runs through the valley.(河流穿过山谷。)
-
竞选:
He decided to run for president.(他决定竞选总统。)
-
(袜子)抽丝:
My stockings ran when I caught them on a nail.(我的袜子被钉子勾住抽丝了。)
Set
"Set"也是一个极其灵活的单词,具体含义取决于上下文。
-
放置:
She set the book on the table.(她把书放在桌上。)
-
设定(时间、规则等):
The alarm is set for 6 AM.(闹钟设定在早上6点。)
-
(太阳)落下:
The sun sets in the west.(太阳在西边落下。)
-
一套:
She bought a new set of dishes.(她买了一套新餐具。)
-
凝固:
The jelly hasn’t set yet.(果冻还没凝固。)
-
(电影、戏剧)场景:
The movie was filmed on a Hollywood set.(这部电影是在好莱坞片场拍摄的。)
Break
"Break"不仅指“打破”,还有许多其他用法。
-
打破、损坏:
Be careful not to break the glass.(小心别打碎玻璃。)
-
休息:
Let’s take a short break.(我们休息一会儿吧。)
-
违反(规则):
He broke the law.(他违法了。)
-
(天气)突变:
The storm broke suddenly.(暴风雨突然来临。)
-
(新闻)曝光:
The scandal broke yesterday.(丑闻昨天曝光了。)
-
(关系)破裂:
They broke up last month.(他们上个月分手了。)
Light
"Light"既可以指“光”,也可以形容“轻”或“点燃”。
-
光:
The room was filled with light.(房间充满光线。)
-
轻的:
This bag is very light.(这个包很轻。)
-
点燃:
He lit a cigarette.(他点燃了一支烟。)
-
浅色的:
She prefers light blue.(她喜欢浅蓝色。)
-
轻松的:
The movie is light entertainment.(这部电影是轻松娱乐。)
-
(食物)清淡的:
I’d like a light meal.(我想要一顿清淡的饭。)
Play
"Play"不仅指“玩耍”,还可以表示“演奏”“扮演”等。
-
玩耍:
The children play in the park.(孩子们在公园玩耍。)
-
演奏(乐器):
She plays the piano beautifully.(她钢琴弹得很好。)
-
扮演(角色):
He played Hamlet in the school play.(他在学校戏剧中扮演哈姆雷特。)
-
播放(音乐、视频):
Can you play the song again?(你能再播放这首歌吗?)
-
(体育)比赛:
They play football every weekend.(他们每周末踢足球。)
-
(机器)运转:
The CD player isn’t playing.(CD播放器不运转了。)
Fall
"Fall"除了“落下”,还可以指“秋天”或“下降”。
-
落下:
The leaves fall in autumn.(秋天树叶落下。)
-
跌倒:
She fell and hurt her knee.(她跌倒摔伤了膝盖。)
-
秋天(美式英语):
I love the colors of fall.(我喜欢秋天的颜色。)
-
(价格、温度)下降:
The temperature will fall tonight.(今晚气温会下降。)
-
(城市、政权)陷落:
The city fell to the enemy.(城市沦陷于敌人之手。)
-
(头发、衣服)垂下:
Her hair falls to her shoulders.(她的头发垂到肩膀。)
Right
"Right"可以表示“正确的”“右边的”或“权利”。
-
正确的:
Your answer is right.(你的答案是正确的。)
-
右边的:
Turn right at the traffic light.(在红绿灯处右转。)
-
权利:
Everyone has the right to education.(每个人都有受教育的权利。)
-
立即、马上:
I’ll be right back.(我马上回来。)
-
合适的:
He’s the right man for the job.(他是这份工作的合适人选。)
-
(法律)正当的:
It’s not right to cheat.(欺骗是不正当的。)
Bank
"Bank"不仅指“银行”,还可以指“河岸”。
-
银行:
I need to go to the bank.(我得去银行。)
-
河岸:
We sat on the river bank.(我们坐在河岸上。)
-
(飞机)倾斜转弯:
The plane banked sharply.(飞机急剧倾斜转弯。)
-
(台球)碰边:
The ball banked off the cushion.(球碰边反弹。)
-
(雪、云)堆积:
The snow banked up against the wall.(雪堆积在墙边。)
-
(数据)存储库:
A blood bank stores donated blood.(血库存放捐献的血液。)
Watch
"Watch"可以指“手表”或“观看”。
-
手表:
She wears a gold watch.(她戴着一块金表。)
-
观看:
We watched a movie last night.(昨晚我们看了一部电影。)
-
照看、监视:
Can you watch my bag for a minute?(你能帮我看一下包吗?)
-
守夜:
The soldiers kept watch all night.(士兵们整夜守夜。)
-
(医生)观察病情:
The doctor is watching his condition.(医生在观察他的病情。)
-
(体育)盯防:
The defender watched the striker closely.(后卫紧紧盯住前锋。)
Bear
"Bear"不仅指“熊”,还可以表示“忍受”或“承担”。
-
熊:
We saw a bear in the forest.(我们在森林里看到一只熊。)
-
忍受:
I can’t bear the noise.(我无法忍受噪音。)
-
承担(责任):
He bears the responsibility.(他承担责任。)
-
生育:
She bore three children.(她生了三个孩子。)
-
(植物)结果:
The tree bears fruit every summer.(这棵树每年夏天结果。)
-
(方向)朝…方向:
The road bears left.(这条路向左拐。)
一词多义是英语的常见现象,理解这些单词的不同用法能帮助学习者更自然地使用英语,多阅读、多听英语材料,能更好地掌握这些词汇的灵活运用。