数学是一门全球通用的语言,无论是学术研究还是日常应用,英文单词在数学题中频繁出现,掌握这些术语不仅能帮助学生更好地理解题目,还能提升解题效率,以下是数学题中常见的英文单词及其解释,按不同数学分支分类整理。
基础运算与代数
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Add / Addition (加法)
- 例:Add 5 and 3 to get 8.
- 相关词:Sum(和)、Plus(加)
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Subtract / Subtraction (减法)
- 例:Subtract 4 from 10 to get 6.
- 相关词:Difference(差)、Minus(减)
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Multiply / Multiplication (乘法)
- 例:Multiply 7 by 6 to get 42.
- 相关词:Product(积)、Times(乘以)
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Divide / Division (除法)
- 例:Divide 20 by 5 to get 4.
- 相关词:Quotient(商)、Divided by(除以)
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Equation (方程)
- 例:Solve the equation 2x + 3 = 7.
- 相关词:Solve(求解)、Variable(变量)
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Expression (表达式)
- 例:Simplify the expression 3x + 2y - x.
- 相关词:Simplify(化简)、Term(项)
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Factor (因数/因式)
- 例:Find the factors of 12.
- 相关词:Factorization(因式分解)
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Exponent (指数)
- 例:Calculate 2 to the power of 3 (2³).
- 相关词:Power(幂)、Base(底数)
几何
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Angle (角)
- 例:Measure the angle between the two lines.
- 相关词:Degree(度)、Acute angle(锐角)、Obtuse angle(钝角)
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Area (面积)
- 例:Find the area of a rectangle with length 5 and width 3.
- 相关词:Perimeter(周长)、Volume(体积)
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Circle (圆)
- 例:Calculate the circumference of a circle with radius 4.
- 相关词:Radius(半径)、Diameter(直径)、Circumference(周长)
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Triangle (三角形)
- 例:Determine if the triangle is equilateral.
- 相关词:Isosceles(等腰)、Scalene(不等边)、Right triangle(直角三角形)
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Parallel (平行)
- 例:These two lines are parallel.
- 相关词:Perpendicular(垂直)
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Congruent (全等)
- 例:The two triangles are congruent.
- 相关词:Similar(相似)
概率与统计
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Probability (概率)
- 例:What is the probability of rolling a 6 on a die?
- 相关词:Event(事件)、Outcome(结果)
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Mean (平均数)
- 例:Calculate the mean of the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8.
- 相关词:Median(中位数)、Mode(众数)
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Range (极差)
- 例:Find the range of the data set: 3, 7, 5, 9.
- 相关词:Standard deviation(标准差)
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Sample (样本)
- 例:A random sample of 100 students was surveyed.
- 相关词:Population(总体)
微积分
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Derivative (导数)
- 例:Find the derivative of f(x) = x².
- 相关词:Differentiation(微分)
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Integral (积分)
- 例:Evaluate the integral of 2x dx.
- 相关词:Antiderivative(原函数)
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Limit (极限)
- 例:Find the limit of (x² - 1)/(x - 1) as x approaches 1.
- 相关词:Converge(收敛)、Diverge(发散)
逻辑与集合
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Set (集合)
- 例:Let A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}.
- 相关词:Union(并集)、Intersection(交集)
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Element (元素)
- 例:3 is an element of set A.
- 相关词:Subset(子集)
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If...then (那么)
- 例:If x > 0, then x² > 0.
- 相关词:Implication(蕴含)、Contrapositive(逆否命题)
常见数学符号的英文表达
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= (Equals)
例:2 + 3 = 5 is read as "two plus three equals five."
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≠ (Not equal to)
例:4 ≠ 5 is read as "four is not equal to five."
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> (Greater than)
例:7 > 5 is read as "seven is greater than five."
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< (Less than)
例:3 < 6 is read as "three is less than six."
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√ (Square root)
例:√9 = 3 is read as "the square root of nine is three."
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π (Pi)
例:The area of a circle is πr².
如何高效记忆这些单词
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结合题目练习
在做数学题时,遇到不熟悉的英文单词立刻查阅并记录,反复练习加深记忆。
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制作单词卡片
将术语写在卡片正面,释义和例句写在反面,随时复习。
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阅读英文数学教材
通过阅读原版教材,熟悉术语在真实语境中的使用方式。
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使用数学软件
许多数学软件(如Wolfram Alpha、Desmos)支持英文输入,练习用英文表述问题。
数学术语的掌握不仅能帮助理解题目,还能为未来学习更高阶的数学知识打下基础,无论是参加国际考试还是阅读英文文献,这些单词都是必不可少的工具。